在种母鸡按标准饲喂条件下雏鸡卵黄囊中钙、磷、锰、锌含量的探讨

从按NRC标准饲养的种母鸡所产种蛋新孵出的AA肉用雏鸡中随机选取80只(公母各半),测定卵黄囊中钙、磷、锰和锌的含量及其与出壳体重和卵黄囊重的相关回归关系。结果表明,雏鸡出壳体重为48.15±0.37g,卵黄囊重为7.50±0.16g,卵黄囊中钙、磷、锰、锌的含量分别为26.86±1 90mg、49.46±1.69mg、0.018±0.002mg、0.222±0.011mg。雏鸡卵黄囊重与出壳体重的相关和回归关系显著(P≤0.05,r=0.60,b=0.25),卵黄囊重对出壳体重的回归方程为:Y=0.25X-3.75,卵黄囊中锌和磷的含量与出壳体重的相关及回归关系显著(P≤0.05,r=0.60,b=0.25),卵苏囊 重对出体重的回归方程为y=0.25x-3.75。卵苏囊中锌和磷的含量与出壳体重的相关及回归关系显著(P≤0.05)r=0.22,0.37:b=0.067,1.69)。因此,可由出壳体重估测卵黄囊重,对通过出壳体重估测卵黄囊中锌和磷的含量,也获得较为满意的结果。     

内蒙古锡林浩特地区土壤-牧草-家畜系统中Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Mg、Se六种元素含量的分析

对内蒙古锡林浩特地区土壤，牧草，家畜（羊）被毛中6种元素含量进行了测定。结果表明：土壤硒含量于缺乏的临界水平；尖草，羊草及针草中锌含量低于羊正常生长对锌的需求数量，兔毛草及羊草中的硒的含量很低，不能满足其正常生长需要，被毛中硒含量低于临界值，提示羊群缺硒。     

家兔角膜硷烧伤微量元素Zn、Cu含量及角膜胶原代谢变化

选体重2.5kg左右健康家兔48只,随机分为2组。实验组兔(32只)双眼角膜贴附浸有0.5mol/L NaOH液的滤纸50s后致中度碱烧伤,对照组兔(16只)不予处理。观察期间(50d),实验组兔主要呈现间歇性角膜溃疡,其角膜胶原含量和血清游离Hyp含量变化证实,角膜溃疡的发生是由于烧伤后胶原合成减少和分解加强所致;角膜Zn含量与胶原酶活性有内在联系,而Cu含量对胶原酶活性无影响。据胶原分解高峰出现时间,临床应用胶原酶抑制剂的时机宜在烧伤后7d之前。     

Interactive Effects of Cadmium and Zinc on Carrots: Growth and Biomass Accumulation

ABSTRACT

An experiment was carried out to assess the single and combined effects of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) on growth and component wise biomass accumulation in carrot (Daucus carota L.) plants, grown under natural field conditions. Carrot plants were raised in field and treated with 10 and 100 μ g mL^{? 1} of Cd, 100 and 300 μ g mL^{? 1} of Zn singly, and in combination through soil drench. A control was also kept without any treatments of Cd and Zn. The impacts of different treatments of Cd and Zn on carrots were evaluated in terms of number of leaves, leaf area, plant length, and component wise biomass accumulation at different plant ages. Growth indices were also calculated to assess the biomass allocation patterns in carrots. The results showed that the above parameters were significantly affected in carrots treated with Cd and Zn singly and in combination as compared to the control as well as plants treated with 100 μ g mL^{? 1} of Zn. The results also showed that treatments of Cd and Zn have significant effects on biomass allocation pattern. This study concludes that growth and biomass accumulation in carrots were significantly influenced by the concentration ratios of Cd and Zn in soil/root/stem/ leaves. It is clear from this study that combined treatments of Cd and Zn have more negative impacts on above parameters as compared to their individual treatments.     

Long-Term Residual Value of Zinc Fertilizer for Pasture Legumes Using Yield of Dried Herbage and Critical Concentration of Zinc in Young Tissue

The zinc (Zn) requirements of subterranean clover (Trifolium subteraneaum L.) are well known for the predominantly marginally acidic to neutral sandy soils of southwestern Australia, but the Zn requirements of French serradella (Ornithopus sativus Brot.) and biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.), now also grown on these soils, is not known and were investigated in a glasshouse pot experiment. Soil was collected from field plots never treated with Zn or treated once only with 0.5 and 1.0 kg Zn/ha as Zn oxide either in 1983, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1992, 1996, 1997, or 2000. In the pot experiment, six levels of Zn were freshly-applied to samples of soil collected from each Zn treatment of the field experiment, and pots were sown either with subterranean clover cv. ‘Dalkeith’, French serradella cv. ‘Margurita’, or biserrula cv. ‘Casbah’. The pasture species were defoliated by cutting pasture herbage 3 cm above the soil surface for up to 4 consecutive defoliations. The approximate linear relationship between the level of freshly-applied Zn in the pot experiment required to produce 90% of the maximum yield of dried defoliated herbage (y-axis) and the number of years since Zn was applied in the field (x-axis) was used to project the number of years it took for the 0.5 or 1.0 kg Zn/ha treatments applied in the field to require the same level of freshly-applied Zn to produce 90% of the maximum yield of the nil-Zn treatment in the field. This was 18–19 years for the 0.5 kg Zn/ha treatment and 32–35 years for the 1.0 kg Zn/ha treatment. The range in values was due to differences between legume species and the defoliation treatments, which were not significant. When yields were measured, samples of young growth (YG) were separated from the rest of the defoliated herbage (ROH) and the concentration of Zn in YG and ROH was measured. The concentration of Zn in YG that was related to 90% of the maximum yield of defoliated dried herbage (critical tissue test value) was (mg/kg) 13 for subterranean clover, 17 for French serradella, and 19 for biserrula; respective critical tissue test values for ROH were 19, 24, and 21 mg/kg. The approximate linear relationship between critical Zn concentration in YG (y-axis) and the number of years since Zn was applied in the field (x-axis) was used to project the number of years it took for the 0.5 and 1.0 kg Zn/ha levels applied in the field to reach the same critical tissue test value as the nil-Zn treatment of the field experiment. This was 17–20 years for the 0.5 kg Zn/ha treatment and 31–37 years for the 1.0 kg/ha treatment, which was similar to the 18–19 and 32–35 years projected using yield data. Before sowing the legumes in the pot study soil samples were collected to measure soil test Zn using the DTPA procedure. The critical DTPA soil test Zn, the soil test value that was related to 90% of the maximum yield of defoliated dried herbage, was about 0.20 mg Zn/kg for the 3 pasture legume species and all Zn treatments in the field and pot studies.     

Zinc Nutrition in ‘Nagpur’ Mandarin on Haplustert

ABSTRACT

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional disorder in citrus orchards world over. The management strategy of Zn deficiency today is still governed by the efficacy of two conventionally used methods of Zn supply to plants via soil or foliar fertilization. A field experiment with 12-yr-old ‘Nagpur’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) orchard was, therefore, carried out during 2004–07 comparing soil application versus foliar application of Zn, each at three levels viz., 100, 200, and 300 g tree^?1 with constant doses of N (600 g tree^?1), P (200 g tree^?1), K (300 g tree^?1), and Fe(60 g tree^?1) on Haplustert soil type with reference to response on flowering intensity, fruit set, tree volume, fruit yield, changes in soil fertility/leaf nutrient status, fruit quality, and transformation of native soil Zn fractions. Soil application of Zn at all the three levels, produced significantly higher increase in tree volume over foliar application on equivalent rates viz., T₁ (2.53 m³) vs. T₄ (2.06 m³) and T₂(4.30 m³) vs. T₅ (2.23 m³). The yield-determining parameters like flowering and fruit set intensity (no. m^?1 shoot length) were, respectively, much higher with soil applied (135.74 and 21.90) than foliar applied Zn (31.20 and 11.6). These observations set the favorable conditions required for yield response, e.g., all the three treatments involving soil application of Zn, T₁ (32.1 kg tree^?1), T₂ (52.6 kg tree^?1), and T₃ (51.8 kg tree^?1) were correspondingly superior over T₄ (22.5 kg tree^?1), T₅ (34.3 kg tree^?1), and T₆ (42.1 kg tree^?1) as foliar application treatments. All the three major fruit quality parameters (juice, acidity, and TSS) were likewise more influenced by soil application than foliar application of Zn. Improvements in soil Zn fractions (mg kg^?1) viz., exchangeable Zn (0.25–0.60), complex-Zn (2.71 to 4.86), organically bound Zn (0.86 to 2.0), and Zn-bound to carbonates and acid soluble minerals (2.56–4.96) were observed in response to Zn fertilization with treatments T₁–T_3. On the other hand, foliar applied Zn treatments (T₄–T₆) produced no such changes in any of the soil Zn fractions.     

ROOT ZONE TEMPERATURE INFLUENCES ZINC REQUIREMENT OF MAIZE CULTIVARS ON A CALCAREOUS LOAM SOIL

The zinc (Zn) requirement of a maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid (‘FHY-396’) and an indigenous variety (‘EV-7004’) was measured at low (22.4 ± 5°C) and high (28.8 ± 5°C) root-zone temperatures (RZT). Four Zn rates (0, 3, 9 and 27 mg kg^?1 soil) were applied to a calcareous loam soil in pots for the glasshouse study. Shoot and root dry matter yields were significantly more at the higher RZT. Regardless the RZT, maximum relative shoot dry matter yield in hybrid and variety was produced, respectively, at 9 and 3 mg Zn kg^?1 soil. Zinc concentration in roots and shoots of both the cultivars increased with Zn rates and it was significantly more at the higher RZT. Cultivars differed in critical Zn concentration (C_ZnC) required for maximum shoot dry matter yield. The C_ZnC ranged from 25 to 39 μg Zn g^?1 plant tissue for optimum growth of both the cultivars at low and high RZT.     

Effect of planting date and growth stage on secondary and micronutrient content of soybean tissue

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of planting date and cultivar on B, Zn, Mn, Fe, Mg, and Ca content of soybean leaflets, petioles, and stems at beginning bloom (R1), beginning seed (R5) and physiological maturity (R7) growth stages. The concentrations of all the nutrients analyzed were influenced by planting date and cultivar in at least one year. The concentration ranges were: B, 16–167 ppm; Zn, 14–98 ppm; Fe, trace‐575 ppm; Mn, 12–122 ppm; Mg, 0.18–0.89%, and Ca, 0.47–3.02%. As the plants developed, [Fe] generally decreased, [Mn] increased, and [Zn] showed no consistent response. Changes in B, Mg, and Ca concentrations with plant development varied with the plant part. Leaflet [Ca] and [B], and petiole [Ca] and [Mg] increased during seedfill. Petiole and stem [B], and stem [Mg] and [Ca] decreased during seedfill.     

Bicarbonate Had Greater Effects Than High pH on Inhibiting Root Growth of Zinc‐Inefficient Rice Genotype

Abstract

Effects of bicarbonate (10 mM as NaHCO₃) and high pH (pH 8 buffered with HEPES) separately on root growth and accumulation of organic acids in the roots of zinc (Zn)‐efficient (IR36) and Zn‐inefficient (IR26) rice genotypes (Oriza sativa L.) were investigated in this study. The results indicated that shoot dry matter yields were decreased more by bicarbonate than by high pH for the Zn‐inefficient genotype, but not affected for the Zn‐efficient genotype. Root dry weights, especially root length, was significantly decreased by bicarbonate and high pH treatments for the Zn‐inefficient genotype, whereas was considerably enhanced by only bicarbonate treatment for the Zn‐efficient rice genotype. The reduction in root growth of the Zn‐inefficient rice genotype and the enhancement of root length in the Zn‐efficient genotype were greater when plants grown with bicarbonate than with high pH treatment. Accumulation of malate, citrate, and fumarate in roots of the two genotypes increased considerably due to both high pH and bicarbonate treatments, but to a greater extent for the Zn‐inefficient than for the Zn‐efficient cultivars. After an 8‐day treatment, more organic acids accumulated in the roots of the Zn‐inefficient genotype (IR26) when plants grown with bicarbonate than at high pH, but this was not the case for the Zn‐efficient genotype. The influence of root growth by bicarbonate appeared to be one of the major factors for the sensitivity of rice genotypes to Zn deficiency in calcareous soils. The greater inhibitory effect of bicarbonate than high pH on root growth of the Zn‐inefficient genotype might result from an excessive accumulation and inefficient compartmentation of organic acids, particularly citrate and malate, in the root cells.     

Zinc sorption–desorption by sand,silt and clay fractions in calcareous soils of Iran

Zinc sorption–desorption by sand, silt and clay fractions of six representative calcareous soils of Iran were measured. Sand, silt and clay particles were fractionated after dispersion of soils with an ultrasonic probe. Zinc sorption analysis was performed by adding eight rates of Zn from 6 to 120 μmol g^?1. For the desorption experiment, samples retained after the measurement of Zn sorption were resuspended sequentially in 0.01 M NaNO₃ solution and shaken for 24 h. Results indicated that Zn sorption by soil fractions increased in the order clay > silt > sand, and correlated negatively with CaCO₃ content and positively with cation exchange capacity (CEC) and smectite content. Results indicated that for all fractions, the Langmuir equation described the sorption rates fairly well. In contrast to sorption, Zn desorption from soil fractions increased in the order sand > silt > clay, and correlated positively with CaCO₃ content, CEC and smectite content. Results showed that parabolic diffusion and two constant equations adequately described the reaction rates of Zn desorption. In general, for all soils studied, the coarser the particle size, the less Zn sorption and more Zn desorption, and this reflects much higher risk of Zn leaching into groundwater or plant uptake in contaminated soils.