西葫芦新品种晋西葫芦4号的选育

西葫芦新品种晋西葫芦4号是以国外西葫芦品种的分离后代经多代自交选育而成的纯合自交系D-95-2为母本,以从我国地方品种白皮西葫芦中选育的稳定自交系E-96-8为父本杂交育成的早熟一代杂交种。该品种属短蔓密植类型,极早熟;嫩瓜皮色为鲜嫩的浅绿色,带细网纹,长筒形,光泽度好;植株生长势强,雌花多,瓜码密,耐低温、弱光,丰产,抗病,667m2产量5000kg左右。适合我国北方大部分地区早春各种保护地及露地栽培。     

Phenolic compounds in plant disease resistance

We propose that an important first line in plant defense against infection is provided by the very rapid synthesis of phenolics and their polymerization in the cell wall. This rapid synthesis, which leaves no time forde novo enzyme synthesis, is regulated by the extreme pH-dependence of the hydroxylase, catalyzing the formation of caffeoyl-CoA from 4-coumaroyl-CoA. We further propose that elicitor treatment or infection causes rapid membrane changes leading to a decrease in cytoplasmic pH. This decrease would have the effect of activating the hydroxylase.     

农业航空喷雾雾滴漂移及其数学分析

通过田间试验研究,探索了装配GP—81喷头的运五型飞机喷洒2,4—D丁酯乳油稀释液的雾滴漂移状况,建立了有关数学模型。研究表明,较低蒸发度的水雾滴漂移距离为340m,较高挥发度的2,4—D丁酯漂移距离达700m;雾滴密度和沉降量随下风距离增加而减小较快,雾滴直径减小较慢;气象因子和喷液配方对雾滴漂移有重要影响;三次多项式方程Y=b_0 b_1X b_2X~2 b_3X~3能很好地描述雾滴漂移与下风距离的关系,模型中的参数具有明确的实际意义,提出了喷洒2,4—D丁酯时的有效隔离带宽度。     

鸡CD4蛋白基因的克隆及其mRNA在淋巴器官中的表达

从鸡胸腺、脾脏、哈德氏腺、外周血液和法氏囊等免疫器官中分离淋巴细胞,应用RT-PCR对这些免疫器官中鸡CD4分子mRNA的表达进行了研究。同时,用RT-PCR对鸡脾淋巴细胞CD4分子cDNA进行了克隆和序列测定。结果表明,在上述器官中,法氏囊淋巴细胞不表达鸡CD4分子mRNA,其他器官中均有表达。通过序列分析表明,本试验扩增得到的基因为编码鸡CD4分子的基因。     

影响波尔山羊超排效果的因素

对204只(次)波尔山羊采用C IDR+FSH+PG法超数排卵(以下简称超排),发情配种后第6天采用手术法从子宫角采胚,采胚成功率为92.16%(188/204),头均获胚(16.68±7.89)枚,其中头均获可用胚(14.11±8.37)枚,可用胚率84.66%(2 654/3 135)。对不同国家产FSH、不同剂量FSH、注射LRH+P4、不同季节、重复超排、左右侧卵巢等因素对波尔山羊超排效果的影响进行了研究。结果表明,以日本和国产(动物所)FSH超排效果为佳,头均获可用胚分别为(15.66±8.26)枚(n=89)和(15.39±6.91)枚(n=23);日本产FSH 14~16 mL组效果最佳,头均获可用胚(19.63±8.96)枚(n=19);注射LRH+P4组头均获可用胚(16.04±8.84)枚(n=80),极显著高于对照组(12.16±7.68)枚(n=62);春季、秋季、冬季超排头均获可用胚分别为(10.86±5.10)枚(n=7)、(11.30±8.29)枚(n=23)、(11.00±6.17)枚(n=10),差异不显著;重复超排(间隔12月)第1次头均获可用胚(15.08±5.12)枚(n=26),第2次头均获可且胚(16.92±8.32)枚(n=26)。     

中国禽(番鸭)呼肠孤病毒YB株S4基因序列分析

应用非免疫番鸭胚增殖中国禽(番鸭)呼肠孤病毒YB分离株,用LSTRIAZOL提取病毒RNA,反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增中国禽(番鸭)呼肠孤病毒YB分离株S4基因节段cDNA.将S4cDNA克隆到PMDl8-T载体上,并进行了鉴定和核苷酸序列测定.序列分析结果,克隆的S4cDNA共1 124bp,包括非编码区和完整的阅读框架.分子进化系统分析表明该毒株与禽呼肠孤病毒(鸡呼肠孤病毒)的亲缘关系较远,DRV-YB与DRV-89330同缘率为93.3%.     

7种长蠹科昆虫的线粒体DNA ND4基因序列比较分析

长蠹科昆虫严重危害林木和仓贮物品。该文应用非损伤性DNA测序技术测定了来自不同国家的长蠹科害虫的线粒体DNA ND4基因的部分序列。在获得的204bp的序列中，7种昆虫的序列变异丰富，多数变异发生在密码子的第3位点上。将实验结果与形态学特征比较分析，探讨7个种的形态差异与基因序列的差异；结果表明，7种昆虫不仅在外形特征上存在差异，而且在ND4基因序列上的差异程度也很显著，平均为21．94％。这为分类鉴定提供了充分的证据。     

The induction of 1,3-β-glucanases and other enzymes in groundnut leaves infected with Cercospora arachidicola

Infection of groundnut leaves with the early leaf spot pathogen Cercospora arachidicola leads to a marked increase in extracellular 1,3-β-glucanase activity, limited to the infected tissue. Three isoforms of low molecular weight and extreme pI values, typical of pathogenesis-related proteins, were induced. These β-glucanases, when acting together, were capable of degrading the pathogen cell wall in vitro. Glucanases from homogenates of infected leaf tissue were partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography to give enzymes with molecular weights of 35, 32 and 20 kDa and pI values of 3·8, 3·6 and > 9, respectively. They were electrophoretically identical to the β-glucanases found in the intercellular washing fluid. Treatment of groundnut plants with 200 μM mercuric chloride induced the accumulation of identical extracellular β-glucanases. During the course of the infection an increase in peroxidase activity was also observed, but chitinase activity remained more or less constant.     

Metabolism of [ring-2,6-14]parathion in plant cell suspension cultures of carrot (Daucus carota), purple foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), soybean,thorn apple (Datura stramonium) and wheat (Triticum aestivum)

By means of standardized procedures, the metabolism of [ring-2,6-¹⁴C]-parathion was investigated in carrot (Daucus carota L.), purple foxglove (Digitalis purpurea L.), soybean (Glycine max Merrill cv. ?Mandarin’?, and Glycine max Merrill cv. ?Harosoy 63’? cultivated on B5 and Miller media, respectively), thorn apple (Datura stramonium L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cell suspension cultures. In the wheat and soybean (Mandarin) cells only 2.9 and 8.9%, respectively, of the applied parthion remained unmetabolized after 48 h of incubation, while 51.2, 57.9, 60.3, and 62.4% of the unchanged parent were detected in the D. purpurea, D. Stramonium, carrot and soybean (Harosoy) cultures, respectively. In all suspensions, paraoxon and 4-nitrophenol were found as phase I metabolites, thus demonstrating that plant tissues can catalyse oxidative desulfuration and dearylation of parathion. 4-Nitrophenol was also glycosylated with glucose and possibly galactose. Further, as yet unidentified, metabolites indicated that bio-transformations had also occurred at the aromatic moiety. Large amounts of non-extractable residues were detected in the wheat suspension (38.3%), while the other cultures showed a lower incorporation of ¹⁴C into insoluble cell material (0.9-9.4%). For a prospective ecotoxicological evaluation of the metabolic fate of pesticides and xenobiotics in plants in general, the differential metabolic capacity of plant cell cultures and plants should be taken into account.