注射猪生长激素对北京黑猪血液葡萄糖、非蛋白氮和游离脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验选择体重60千克左右、出生日期相近的北京黑猪72头(阉公猪和母猪各半),分为4组。Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组饲喂蛋白含量14％的饲料;Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组饲喂蛋白含量16％的饲料。当猪体重约为55～65千克时开始,Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组每天注射1ml 75mM NaHO_3为对照组;Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组每天注射猪基因工程生长激素1ml(含2mg)。注射28天后采血测定其血浆中葡萄糖、非蛋白氮和游离脂肪酸含量。结果表明:注射猪生长激素可使猪血糖和血浆游离脂肪酸含量升高(P<0.01);而使血浆非蛋白氮含量下降(其中16％蛋白饲料组差异显著,P<0.05)。在本实验条件下饲料蛋白含量和性别对猪血浆葡萄糖、游离脂肪酸和非蛋白氮含量无明显影响。本文还对这些变化的意义进行了讨论。     

孵化期间鸡胚、肝脏、卵黄及蛋白组成的变化及其相关关系

将1188枚种蛋随机码放在6个蛋盘内，同机人孵，每盘为1个试验重复。于人孵的第6、9、12、15、18和21天从各盘取出36个胚蛋用于测定蛋清葡萄糖的含量；胚质量及其水分、蛋白质和脂肪含量；肝脏质量、水分和脂肪含量；卵黄囊质量、卵黄脂类及其脂肪酸的含量。结果表明，随着孵化时间的增加，肝脏的脂肪含量不断增加，但胚胎的水分含量、蛋清的葡萄糖含量和卵黄囊质量则不断减少，脂肪在孵化的第12天含量最低，蛋白质在孵化的第6、12和15天含量较高。相对肝质量与胚胎的水分含量正相关，与孵化第15天的卵黄棕榈酸和油酸分别为正相关和负相关。卵黄硬脂酸含量与孵化第6天的亚油酸和孵化第12天的油酸均为负相关，但与孵化第6和15天的花生四烯酸均正相关。     

奶牛酮病的监测研究

本试验随机选取南宁地区2个奶牛场41头黑白花奶牛进行奶牛酮病的监测研究,试验采用rothera法和水杨醛比色法分别定性和定量检测酮体,采用邻甲苯胺法定量检测血糖。结果表明:①甲奶牛场隐性酮病发生率、可疑隐性酮病发生率分别为20%和15%,乙奶牛场均为零。②甲奶牛场血酮、乳酮、血糖的含量分别为31.1±22.2、78.1±47.2及645.2±79.6 m g/L;乙奶牛场的分别为17.5±8.9、42.6±18.6及637±54.7 m g/L。乳酮及血酮含量在2奶牛场间均存在着极显著差异(P<0.01);而血糖均在正常值范围,两牛场间差异不显著(P>0.05)。最后还讨论分析了奶牛日粮营养,分析发现甲奶牛场日粮粗纤维含量严重不足。     

Neuroendocrine mechanism mediating energetic regulation of gonadotropin release in female rats

Energy level is a critical factor controlling gonadal activity at various phases of reproduction. A female rat model has revealed that fasting‐induced luteinizing hormone (LH) suppression is mediated by a specific neural pathway, such as noradrenergic neurons originating in the A2 region and projecting to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and corticotropin‐releasing hormone neurons. The pathway is shared with that mediating glucoprivic suppression of LH pulses. Among the peripheral signals altered by energy deficiency, glucose could be a signal molecule conveying the peripheral information to the brain to regulate feeding and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone/LH release through the noradrenergic pathway during undernutrition. The brain detects the energy availability to control feeding and reproductive function at various phases of an animal’s life. It is most likely that the central glucose‐sensing mechanism could be similar to the pancreatic one, involving a glucokinase‐mediated process to detect glucose availability. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism integrating the energy signals.     

Early Influence of Wood Ash Application on the Carbohydrate Reserves and Composition in Needles of Scots pine {Pinus sylvestris)

Abstract

Wood ash treatment can probably increase forest productivity on low fertility sites. However, the resulting effect on the carbohydrate concentration as the main carbon and energy reserve in trees is little studied. In 2000, a square of 0.1 ha sandy soil below a 19-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) plantation was treated with raw fly ash (0.5 kg.m^-2); untreated square was used as control. One year after the treatment, carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltodextrins, starch and excess bound fructose) were analyzed enzymatically from current-year and one-year-old needles. The ratio K/N in needles suggested an improved balance between these elements in treated trees, in which the K concentration was higher. The largest relative differences (50% of control) were observed in glucose and fructose in summer. The squares did not differ in the concentration of the accumulated carbohydrate reserves in needles during low temperature stress in winter and before the growth of new shoots in spring. During the vegetation period decreased levels of soluble carbohydrates and starch were observed (max 70% of the control value around 100 mg total carbohydrates g^-1 dry mass). Because the experiment was designed without true replicates, reasons for the observed differences require further study.     

大蒜素对急性热应激肉鸡物质代谢的影响

为了研究大蒜素对急性热应激肉鸡物质代谢的影响,选择48只23日龄AA健康肉鸡,随机分为常温组(Ⅰ)、常温添饲大蒜素组(Ⅱ)、热应激组(Ⅲ)、热应激添饲大蒜素组(Ⅳ),各组肉鸡饲养在特定的饲养室内(24±1)℃、湿度50％±5％].Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组日粮中含0.01％大蒜素;Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组肉鸡在试验的第4天迅速置于(36±0.5)℃、湿度70％±5％的饲养室内,24 h后观测4组肉鸡的生理生化指标.结果表明,添饲0.01％大蒜素显著提高(P＜0.05)热应激肉鸡血清总蛋白(TP)和球蛋白(GLO)含量、血糖(GLU)浓度,维持热应激条件下肉鸡的正常GLU水平,对热应激肉鸡脂类代谢的影响不明显.大蒜素对急性热应激肉鸡糖及蛋白质代谢的影响显著,对肉鸡热应激有一定的缓解作用.     

椰子水糖度与含糖量的相关性分析及高糖种质筛选

以150 份椰子种质为研究对象,分别检测了其8月龄椰子水的糖度、糖分含量,并对糖度与糖分含量、甜度值进行了相关性分析。结果表明,150 份种质的糖度平均值和果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖含量平均值分别为 6.3、25.16 mg ?mL-1、35.88 mg ?mL-1、13.74 mg ?mL-1; Pearson相关性分析发现,糖度与果糖含量、甜度值存在极显著正相关,与葡萄糖含量、总糖含量存在显著正相关,与蔗糖含量无显著相关性。利用糖度开展高糖、高甜椰子种质的筛选是可行的;最终筛选出4份高总糖含量种质和5份高甜度值种质。     

几种葡萄糖氧化酶部分性质的比较

从青霉菊（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍ ｎｏｔａｔｕｍ）中获得了一种葡萄糖氧化酶,经ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｌｅｃｔａｃｅｌ柱层析,法脱经超滤浓缩,加入保护剂冷冻干燥,制得冻干粉,并与进葡萄糖氧化酶进行比较,证明该葡萄糖氧化酶冻干粉的活力及稳定性街道中项指标已达到进口产品的水平。     

中国李Nubiana离体叶片愈伤组织诱导的研究

以Nubiana叶片为试材,对其愈伤组织的诱导、继代培养及褐变调控进行了研究。结果表明:Nubiana叶片愈伤的诱导及继代培养以WPM附加BA 0.5 mg/L和2.4-D 2.0 mg/L的培养基上效果最好;0.1%的柠檬酸(CA)具有明显地促进愈伤组织生长、抑制褐变的作用,而聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的效果最差;3%的葡萄糖(Glu)最适于愈伤组织的诱导及继代。综合以上研究结果,获得较好的愈伤组织的适宜培养条件是:WPM BA 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D 2.0 mg/L Glu 3% CA 0.075%~0.1%,暗培养28~30 d。