中医药与抗病毒免疫(上)

正理想化的抗病毒药物是指能有效地干扰病毒的复制,又不影响正常细胞代谢,但至今还没有一种抗病毒药物可达到此目的。病毒寄生在细胞内,抗病毒药物需通过细胞膜进入细胞而作用于病毒,理想的抗病毒必须是既能防止病毒吸附于宿主细胞表面,又能特异性抑制病毒复制过程中的某些步骤,且不影响机体正常细胞代谢。然而许多代谢过程为病毒和细胞的功能所共有所以很难研制出一种无毒的抗病毒药物。抗病毒治疗前景一片灰暗,我们难道只能束手无策、坐以待毙吗?当我们把目光不再仅仅局限于抗病毒感染治疗、不再仅仅局限于西医、不再仅仅局限于化学合成类抗病毒药物的时候,我们会发现,其实我们的身后,     

动物寄生虫病的分类、诊断与防治

1分类寄生虫是暂时或永久寄居于另一种生物的体表或体内，夺取被寄居者的营养物质，并给被寄居者造成不同程度危害的动物。寄生虫种类繁多，根据其与宿主的关系，可分为专性寄生虫、兼性寄生虫、体内寄生虫、体外寄生虫和机会致病寄生虫。     

垂涎三尺

<正>柳宗元在柳宗元在《三戒》中讲到:"临江之人江之人,猎得麋鹿,畜之。入门,群犬垂涎群犬垂涎,扬尾皆来。"老舍的著作《赵子曰赵子曰》第三章中有这样的描述述:"对面坐着一个垂涎三尺的小黑白花狗黑白花狗,挤眉弄眼的希望吃些白薯须子和皮白薯须子和皮。"涎,就是唾沫、口水口水。流出的口水有三尺长,可见这个人的嘴有多馋见这个人的嘴有多馋!该是多么贪婪的样子啊贪婪的样子啊!这个成语形容见了好东西就眼红了好东西就眼红,竭力想占为     

响应面法优化仙茅多糖酶解工艺及体外免疫活性

采用葡聚糖酶对仙茅多糖XMP-1进行酶解,并利用响应面法对酶解工艺进行合理优化。在单因素试验的基础上,采用星点设计模拟葡聚糖酶酶添加量、酶解温度、时间、pH值等4个因素对还原糖生成量综合影响的模型,得到最佳工艺条件,并验证模型的可靠性。通过小鼠巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)分析XMP-1 1～12 h酶解得到的12批产物的体外免疫活性。结果表明,最佳酶解工艺为酶添加量为56%,温度为52℃,酶解时间为12 h,pH值为6.0,此时还原糖生成量为0.201 0 mg/mL。优化结果可靠,与预测值的相对误差小于5%。不同时间段酶解产物对细胞无明显毒害作用,均能诱导RAW264.7细胞活化,释放TNF-α和NO,其中酶解5 h的效果最好。该研究可为仙茅多糖酶降解片段的制备提供理论基础,也可为仙茅多糖在食品领域进一步开发和应用提供科学依据。     

3种植物提取物对薏苡黑粉病菌的抑制作用

初步测试3种植物提取物对黑粉病的抑制作用,测定植物提取物处理后对黑粉病菌分泌毒素量的影响并用电导率仪测定植物提取物对薏苡黑粉病菌菌丝细胞膜的影响。结果表明:花椒、蒲公英和射干提取物在浓度为0.500 mg/m L时,萌发率分别为46.13%、40.42%、43.44%,抑制率分别为69.62%、68.14%、72.42%;当提取物浓度为0.250 mg/m L时,其萌发率分别为47.18%、46.43%、41.43%,抑制率分别为73.78%、64.75%、75.16%。花椒提取物在浓度为0.125 mg/m L时,菌落直径为8.3 mm,抑制率为67.06%;花椒、射干和蒲公英提取物都能明显降低病菌分泌毒素的量,且对黑粉病菌菌丝的细胞膜具有很强的破坏作用。     

脂滴在Beagle犬卵母细胞体外成熟中的研究

犬排出的卵母细胞处于GV期,其体外成熟率在20%左右,尚未获得突破,阻碍了犬体外保种及基因修饰疾病模型创制研究。犬卵母细胞含有大量脂滴,关于脂滴与卵母细胞成熟的研究鲜有报道。综述了脂滴与犬卵母细胞体外成熟的关系,尝试寻找研究犬卵母细胞体外成熟新的突破口。     

遮阴对臭氧胁迫下‘赤霞珠’葡萄叶片光合功能及活性氧代谢的影响

【目的】探讨臭氧(O3)与光照协同作用对葡萄叶片造成的危害机制。【方法】利用开放式气室在高浓度臭氧(105 n L·L-1)胁迫时,测定不同遮阴程度下‘赤霞珠’盆栽苗叶片光合性能及活性氧代谢的变化。【结果】与室外全光照无臭氧胁迫的对照相比,T1(O3+全光照)处理的Pn和Fv/Fm分别下降了87.1%和48.1%;而降低光照的遮阴处理如T3(O3+60%遮阴),分别下降了62.3%和8.6%。与T1相比,T2(O3+30%遮阴)和T3(O3+60%遮阴)处理后缓解了O3胁迫对叶片净光合速率(Pn)与最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)的抑制程度,Pn分别增加了38.2%和176.3%,Fv/Fm分别增加了36.4%和76.1%,不同遮阴处理后提高了体内抗氧化酶活性,减少了活性氧和丙二醛(MDA)的积累,MDA含量分别减少了5.1%和12%。【结论】光强影响了O3胁迫对葡萄叶片光合系统的抑制程度。在无法改变环境O3浓度的条件下,遮阴可以缓解光下O3对葡萄叶片的胁迫作用。     

Effects of Adding Mannan Oligosaccharides to Diets with Different Concentrate to Forage Ratios on Ruminal Fermentation of Sheep in vitro

The test was aimed at determining the effects of adding MOS to diets with different concentrate to forage ratios on ruminal fermentation of sheep in vitro.The 4×6 two-factor experimental design was chosen.There were 4 diets with different concentrate to forage ratios(20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50) and added to 6 dosages MOS(0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0%), respectively.The method of gas production in vitro was used to measure the total gas and CH₄ production, IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD after cultured for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h.The results showed that the gas(except 12 and 24 h) and CH₄ production(except 9 h) were not impacted by the two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD were significantly affected by concentrate to forage ratios(P<0.05), while the IVCPD at 24 h was significantly affected by MOS(P<0.05).Meanwhile, all the indexes were not influenced by the interaction of two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD and IVOMD increased with the rising of concentrate approximately, while the IVCPD decreased with the rising of MOS roughly.The biggest associative effect was gained in 30:70 concentrate to forage diet when adding 1.2% MOS.     

Effect of Human Menopausal Gonadotropin,17β-estradiol and Epidermal Growth Factor on the Quality of in vitro Maturation Bovine Oocytes

For optimizing in vitro maturation system of bovine oocytes,we firstly examined the influence of four different hormonal regimes(FSH+LH,HMG,FSH+LH+E₂ and HMG+E₂) on oocyte maturation rates.Then we studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the above defined medium on bovine oocyte maturation,in vitro development and quality of parthenogenetic embryos.The cell apoptotic index of parthenogenetic blastocysts was detected by TUNEL.No significant difference was observed in maturation rates in four groups supplemented with different hormones.However,human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) provided steady maturation results in replicates.Maturation of oocytes was promoted by supplementation with 17β-estradiol (E₂).Combination of HMG and E₂ gave rise to steady and efficient mature results.The presence of EGF at 30 ng/mL concentration significantly increased maturation rate and blastocyst rate and reduced apoptotic cells in parthenogenetic blastocysts.Therefore,the optimal oocyte maturation solution could be supplemented with 0.075 IU/mL HMG,1 μg/mL E₂ and 30 ng/mL EGF.     

Establishment and Optimization of INH Epitope Peptide Vaccine for Detection of Antibody

In this study, an indirect ELISA method was established to detect inhibin hormone (INH) epitope peptide vaccine antibody, it would provide oretical reference for the determination of Fine-wool sheep after active immune body INH epitope peptide vaccine antibody. On the basis of the predecessors, using indirect ELISA method to determinate serum INH epitope peptide antibody levels of sheep, and through control different experimental conditions to look for the best experimental conditions. Through explorating the experimental conditions, finally, the testing experiment conditions were determined, which was blocked solution with skimmed milk powder, INH and GnIH synthetic peptides dilution degrees for 20 000 times, the optimum reaction time was 60 min, the best color action time was 15 min. In this experiment, a kind of method to detection antibody in the body after INH active immune sheep was built, it would provide a reference for future research.