Mountain oases in northern Oman: An environment for evolution and<Emphasis Type="Italic"> in situ</Emphasis> conservation of plant genetic resources

Several botanical studies have been conducted in different parts of Oman, but knowledge about agro-biodiversity in the rapidly decaying ancient mountain oases of this country remains scarce. To fill this gap we assessed the genetic resources of three mountain oases in the al-Hajar range using a GIS-based field survey and farmer interviews. While arid conditions prevail throughout the mountain range, the different elevations of Balad Seet (950–1020 m a.s.l.), Maqta (930–1180 m a.s.l.) and Al Jabal al Akhdar (1750–1930 m a.s.l.) provide markedly differing agro-climatic conditions. Overall, 107 different crop species were identified belonging to 39 families. Species number was highest among fruits (33 spp.), followed by vegetables (24 spp.). Intensive irrigation allows cultivation of a broad range of species at all oases. However, the number of species varied significantly between sites. Fruit species diversity and homogeneity of distribution of individual fruit species was highest at Balad Seet and lowest at Maqta as indicated by respective Shannon indices of 1.00 and 0.39 and evenness values of 32% and 16%. Century plant (Agave americana L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor Peterm. em. Harz) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) were identified as relict crops, supporting oral reports of past cultivation and providing evidence of genetic erosion. Some species, such as the temperate fruits of Al Jabal al Akhdar, were exclusively found at the coolest site, while others only occurred at the hotter locations. Overall greatest species similarity was found between Balad Seet and Al Jabal al Akhdar as indicated by a Sørensen coefficient of similarity of 67%. At all oases a multilayered vegetation structure dominated with a canopy, an understory and a ground layer. Greatest species richness was recorded in the lowest stratum. Overall the study shows a location-specific but surprisingly diverse mosaic of crops in Omani mountain oases which merits further studies and conservation efforts.     

六朝南京园林调查研究

研究了六朝南京皇家园林、私家园林、寺观园林的分布、结构及园林特色,实地调查了这些历史园林的现状情况,并对历史园林的保护提出了建议。     

铜铃山国家森林公园风景资源保护与开发

浙江省铜铃山国家森林公园以茂林深谷、急瀑碧潭和秀湖怪穴为特色。在风景资源保护与开发建设过程中,依照公园地形地貌与风景资源特点,在园路建设中巧妙地设置了木栈道、汀步、木船、电瓶车道,对废弃水电站、引水渠和林区山路进行了合理改造与利用,结合林相改造,营建了生物防火道和特色风景林。实践表明,有效利用原有一切可利用的资源和设施,降低人为破坏和避免重复建设,是森林公园保护性开发的一项重要举措。参10     

太谷县枣园昆虫群落结构研究

对太谷地区枣园中昆虫群落及其多样性研究结果表明,在4个样地的枣园中,有昆虫119种,它们分别隶属于12个目,55个科;不同枣区昆虫群落的科数、物种数及其丰盛度均有不同程度的变化。     

竹在苏州古典园林中的造景应用研究

从魏晋时期、唐宋时期、明清时期3个阶段回顾了苏州园林植竹造景史,并选取拙政园、狮子林、网师园、沧浪亭等苏州古典园林,总结了其中的竹景。分析了苏州古典园林的竹景营造技法,重点围绕竹径通幽、禅悟体验,粉墙竹影、青竹白石,竹林听风、雨竹空濛,突出了竹景所营造出的诗情、画意、音韵。     

红肉苹果在北方园林中的应用

随着城乡园林绿化建设的快速发展,园林树木的选择和应用越来越受到重视,不断有新品种被推出。红肉苹果有着诸多优良的观赏特性,作为园林绿化新兴树种,逐渐被关注。而红肉苹果在城市园林绿化中的科学合理的应用,发挥最大观赏性,是北方园林景观设计中应该重点考虑的问题。通过对该树种形态特征和生态习性等方面调查,结合城市不同绿地植物配置特点进行了初步探索,为以后在北方园林绿化中较好的运用和发挥生态景观作用提供参考。     

闽南地区草本花卉的配置应用——以厦门植物园花卉园为例

草本花卉种类丰富、适应性强、栽培容易、便于管理,是园林绿化中的重要材料。针对其园林特色,结合厦门地区的资源情况,探讨草本花卉在不同的园林环境中的植物配置与应用,并以厦门植物园草本花卉园的建设为例,阐述其植物配置,营造色彩绚丽、种类丰富、风格各异的园林植物景观。     

浅析居住区景观设计的新中式风格

指出了中国传统的居住观念,依然潜移默化地影响着现代人们的生活。正处在社会转型的中国,受到西方新的景观模式、思想设计观念的不断影响冲击,国内的居住区景观设计呈现脱离本土环境的现象,出现诸多设计上的问题。此时,摸索着中式风格方向的居住区渐渐在传统文化的传承与现代生活的需求之间找到结合点-＂新中式＂。通过对中国传统古典园林与＂新中式＂景观对比综合分析,从空间布局、设计意境、设计手法等方面探讨了新中式风格景观设计方法,丰富了居住区景观设计理论。     

“新中式”景观设计风格的运用方法探析

通过对"新中式"景观设计风格的分析,以万科"第五园"为例,从中国古典园林的造园思维方式和基本设计技巧等方面出发,解析该项目中对"新中式"景观风格的运用。     

Fractionation and Prediction of Copper,Lead, and Zinc Uptake by Two Leaf Vegetables from Their Geochemical Fractions in Urban Garden Fields in Northern Nigeria

The bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals in soil are strongly influenced by the chemical or geochemical species of the metals in soils. We determined the geochemical fractions of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in garden soils, using the seven-step Zeien and Bruemmer fractionation scheme in relation to metal uptake by two leaf vegetables (lettuce, Latuca sativa, and amaranthus, Amaranthus caudatus). Our objective was to develop predictive models for assessing the lability of these metals from the soil metal fractions. The sums of fractions of Cu, Pb, and Zn did not differ by more than 10% from the “pseudo” total concentrations of the metals determined independently by aqua regia digestion. The general distribution of Cu and Pb among the soil fractions was in the order organic-matter-bound > Fe_o and Fe_c > Mn_ox > exchangeable > residual > mobile, except for Cu, where residual and the exchangeable were reversed. Zinc was fairly evenly distributed among organic matter (20%), Fe_o (22%), Fe_c (20%), and residual (21%). Averaged across sites, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the lettuce were almost twice as great as the concentrations in amaranthus even though they were raised in the same fields. The variance in Cu, Pb, and Zn uptake by amaranthus was predicted up to 51–99% from soluble, exchangeable, organic matter, and Fe_o-bound fractions; the variance in metal uptake by lettuce was best predicted from Fe_c- and Fe_o-bound fractions up to 76–90%. Our results indicated differential accessibility to metal fractions by lettuce and amaranthus grown in the same field.