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81.
Kouhei Ohtani Atsunori Isshiki Hiroshi Katoh Hiroyuki Yamamoto Kazuya Akimitsu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(2):120-125
The Acpg1 gene of Alternaria citri encodes an extracellular endopolygalacturonase that is important for virulence in citrus fruits. Expression of Acpg1 is regulated by substrate induction and carbon catabolite repression. A green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was employed
as a reporter gene to define 813 bases upstream of the translation start site comprising the Acpg1 promoter. This upstream sequence contains five putative binding sequences of catabolite repressive element A (CreA), a cis-acting zinc finger repressor involved in carbon catabolite repression. We constructed each CreA-binding site-deleted Acpg1 promoters with GFP reporter gene and transformed them to A. citri. The construct PGPDL4 deleted from −401 to −813 showed both substrate induction and catabolite repression, whereas PGPDL5
additionally deleted from −1 to −84, including one putative CreA-binding site, resulted in a loss of catabolite repression
function. Green fluorescence of PGPDL4 was induced by pectin in the peel but was repressed completely in the juice sac area
of citrus fruit. However, green fluorescence of PGPDL5 was induced in both the peel and juice sac area, indicating that repression
of Acpg1 in the juice sac area is likely accomplished by carbon catabolite repression.
Received: October 4, 2002 / Accepted: October 31, 2002
Acknowledgments The authors thank Drs. D. Cullen, A. Van den Wymelenberg, and J. Andrews, University of Wisconsin, for providing pTEFEGFP
containing GFP and Dr. T. Tsuge, Nagoya University, for providing transformation vector pSH75. The nucleotide sequence data
of Acpg1 promoter region in the DDBJ, EMBL, and GenBank sequence databases is under accession number AB047543. This research was supported
in part by grants to K.A. from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. 相似文献
82.
Yukio Yasuda Yoshikazu Ohtani Yasuko Mizoguchi Tsuyoshi Nakamura Hideyuki Miyahara 《Journal of Forest Research》2008,13(5):320-325
Measurement of soil CO2 concentrations is important for investigating the dynamics and diffusion of CO2 in soil. In this study, we developed a small CO2 analyzer for measuring in situ-soil CO2 concentrations. The CO2 analyzer consists of a module containing an infrared CO2 gas sensor, a temperature sensor, and a relative humidity sensor. These sensors are installed in a protective box with an
air vent, which is suitable for burying in the soil. The output response time of the CO2 analyzer was 349 s, as evaluated from the phase lag after input of known CO2 concentrations. This response time is short enough to measure soil CO2 concentrations, because variations in concentration are slower than the response time of the analyzer. In a field test, we
used the CO2 analyzer to measure soil CO2 concentrations at five depths (0–50 cm) over 2.5 months. While the CO2 concentration generally increased with depth, the amplitude of the variation in CO2 concentration decreased with depth. The phase lag of the variations in soil CO2 concentration also increased with depth, as did soil temperature. The tests confirm that the CO2 analyzer is applicable to continuous monitoring of soil CO2 concentrations. 相似文献
83.
The antitermitic activities of leaf oils and their constituents, taken from three clones of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. in Thailand, against Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were investigated in contact and noncontact tests. The termiticidal mechanism was also examined. Antitermitic tests
demonstrated that E. camaldulensis leaf oils were both contact toxicants and fumigants to C. formosanus with LC50 values ranging between 12.68 and 17.50 mg/g by the contact method, and between 12.65 and 17.50 mg/petri dish (100 cm3) by the noncontact method. p-Cymene and γ-terpinene were primarily responsible for the contact toxicity and 1,8-cineole was responsible for fumigation.
From the investigation of termiticidal mechanism, E. camaldulensis leaf oils exhibited the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and showed the common symptoms of a neurotoxic mode of
action against C. formosanus.
Part of this report was presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tsukuba, March 2008 相似文献
84.
85.
Hideyuki Ohmori Itoko Nonaka Fumihiro Ohtani Kiyoshi Tajima Tomoyuki Kawashima Yuji KAJI Fuminori Terada 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(11):726-731
We improved the dry ash procedure for detecting titanium dioxide (TiO2) in cattle feces containing chromium dioxide (Cr2O3). First, the effect of amount of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) on the recovery of TiO2 from cattle feces that contained Cr2O3 was evaluated. Average recovery of TiO2 at the 2.5 g Na2SO4 level was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than that at 0.75 g Na2SO4. Second, the effect of Cr2O3 concentration on the recovery of TiO2 of cattle feces by using two levels of Na2SO4 addition was examined. The recovery of TiO2 decreased with the increase in the amount of Cr2O3 at the 0.75 g Na2SO4 level but was consistently high at 2.5 g Na2SO4. Third, the recovery of Cr2O3 from cattle feces was checked. The recoveries of TiO2 and Cr2O3 were high enough at the 2.5 g Na2SO4 level. Fourth, the improved dry ash procedure (5 mL of concentrated H2SO4 and 2.5 g of Na2SO4 were used for sample digestion) was compared to the wet ash procedure. Average recovery of TiO2 by the improved dry ash procedure was significantly higher (P = 0.0077) than that by the wet ash procedure. Thus, the improved dry ash procedure can be used for TiO2 analysis in cattle feces containing Cr2O3. 相似文献
86.
Thermal effects at the surface of a sample wood specimen while it is rubbed by reduction with a metal disk rotating at high speed are investigated. The results provide fundamental data for the development of new surface processing methods. The results of high-speed friction tests showed that the wood surface developed high-temperature regions due to the effect of friction heat, and deformed tissue was observed at the wood surface in the region that experienced the rubbing action. The thermal effects extended to a deep range in the deformed region by reduction due to different fiber inclination angles, both parallel and normal to the friction surface. The thermal effects from the rubbed conditions of the reduction and feed speed also extended deeply into the region deformed by reduction, although the thermal effect was decreased at higher feed speed. From the results of these friction tests, the change in wood temperature is described unambiguously by factors related to pressure on the friction surface. 相似文献
87.
Agronomic properties (whole stalk yield, fiber length distribution, chemical composition) and whole stalk kraft pulp characteristics (total pulp yield, pulp fiber length distribution, pulp sheet strengths) were examined for kenaf (variety Zhehong 8310) at four plant populations, ranging from 135 000 to 405 000 plants/ha on arid hillside land at Anji, Zhejiang, China. For agronomic properties, the final whole stalk yield was higher as the plant population increased and as the altitude of the location on the slope decreased. Average fiber lengths of bast and core showed maxima at 225 000 plants/ha. Cellulose content increased as the plant population increased. For the kraft pulp characteristics of kenaf whole stalk, the total pulp yield was lower as the plant population increased, with the maximum difference about 1.3%. Sheet strengths and average fiber length attained maxima at around 225000–315000 plants/ha. The largest pulp strengths (breaking length, burst index, and folding endurance) were seen at a plant population of 225000 plants/ha, and the largest tear index was seen at a plant population of 315 000 plants/ha. When the agronomic properties and whole stalk kraft pulp characteristics were combined, a plant population between 225 000 and 315 000 plants/ha, which is a little higher than that of kenaf bast production for textiles, was selected as the optimum cultivated kenaf plant population for whole stalk kraft pulp and papermaking on arid hillside land in China. 相似文献