Rapid surface plasmon resonance-based inhibition assay of deoxynivalenol

Deoxynivalenol belongs to a group of highly toxic fungal metabolites produced by Fusarium species that may contaminate food and animal feed, mostly grains. Three different monoclonal mouse anti-deoxynivalenol antibodies were compared for the development of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based immunoassay for the selective and quantitative determination of deoxynivalenol in naturally contaminated matrices. A conjugate of deoxynivalenol with the protein casein was prepared and immobilized on the sensor chip surface. An excess of antibody was added to each test solution before the measurement. The assay was based on the competition for antibody binding between the immobilized deoxynivalenol conjugate on the sensor and the free deoxynivalenol molecules in the test solution. The deoxynivalenol-casein sensor could be reused more than 500 times without significant loss of activity using 6 M guanidine chloride solution for regeneration. The cross-reactivity of the three antibodies in the SPR assay was tested with other trichothecene mycotoxins (3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, HT2-toxin, and T2-toxin). The only sample preparation was extraction with max 80 vol % acetonitrile and 10-fold dilution with the running buffer. The assay had an optimal range between 2.5 and 30 ng/mL deoxynivalenol in the test solution. Most results of the SPR-based assay were in agreement with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry measurements of naturally contaminated wheat samples.     

打造“北林”品牌，严把毕业论文（设计）质量关

毕业论文（设计）是本科教育中重要的实践教学环节,是高校培养学生创新精神和实践能力的主要途径。针对本科毕业论文（设计）存在的精力投入不足、监督不到位、选题囿于陈规、学生学习兴趣不浓等问题,提出严把毕业论文（设计）质量关的措施。首先,从查阅和收集资料、选题、任务书下达等环节,加强毕业论文（设计）的前期准备工作。其次,从实习、实践环节的落实,研究方案、方法、手段和工艺路线的确定及具体实施,研究（设计）数据的处理和分析等方面,提高毕业论文（设计）的完成质量。最后,从毕业论文（设计）的撰写原则和考评等角度,进一步促进毕业论文（设计）撰写的规范化。     

Breast-feeding at 12 months of age and dietary habits among breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants

OBJECTIVE: To analyse factors associated with breast-feeding and use of sweetened drinks at 12 months, and to compare dietary habits among breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants. DESIGN: Data were collected by a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire filled in by the parents. SETTING: National dietary survey in Norway. SUBJECTS: In total, 1932 12-month-old infants were included. RESULTS: At 12 months, 36% of the infants were breast-fed. The odds of breast-feeding at this age were more than doubled both for mothers > or =35 years compared with mothers <25 years and for mothers in the highest educational group compared with mothers in the lowest. A negative association was found for maternal smoking, and the odds of breast-feeding were 40% lower for mothers who smoked than for non-smokers. Some dietary differences were observed between breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants apart from intake of milk. In particular, breast-fed infants had a significantly lower daily intake of sweetened drinks than non-breast-fed infants and a 16% lower mean daily intake of added sugars (P<0.001). Furthermore, breast-fed infants had 30% higher odds of not receiving sweetened drinks daily, compared with non-breast-fed infants. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal age, education and smoking status were important factors for breast-feeding at 12 months. Breast-fed infants had lower intakes of sweetened drinks and added sugars than non-breast-fed infants. From a public health perspective, continued promotion of breast-feeding is needed to reduce inequalities in breast-feeding. Moreover, prevention of high intakes of sweetened drinks and added sugars should start in infancy.     

巧用雪碧瓶化简茶花嫁接保湿难度寒冬时节护花草巧用雪碧瓶化简茶花嫁接保湿难度

茶花嫁接后,砧穗的保湿非常重要。嫁接后6—7周创造一个相对湿度高达95—100％的环境,是茶花嫁接成活的关键之一。     

海南首次截获危险性害虫-菜豆象

日前,海南出入境检验检疫局在对一艘来自马来西亚的泰国籍货轮实施检疫时,发现船上食品舱的一袋500g豇豆已经被严重蛀食,并从豇豆上截获豆象成虫。 经室内鉴定,确认为我国进境植物检疫一类危险性害虫—菜豆象。鉴定人员统计发现,在送样的25粒豇豆上竟有38只成虫,说明菜豆象的为害已非常严重。 据悉,这是海南口岸有史以来首次截获此类害虫,也是海南出入境检验检疫局成立以来首次截获一类危险性害虫。检疫人员已按照有关规定对上述货轮进行了无害化处理,防止了该虫的传入。检疫人员以其高度的责任感和高超的检疫鉴定技术,确保了海南乃至我国豆类生产的安全。 据有关专家介绍,菜豆象属鞘翅目豆象科植物害虫,主要分布于美洲、亚洲、欧洲和非洲等地。它是一种十分危险的仓储害虫,为害菜豆、豇豆、兵豆、鹰嘴豆、木豆、赤小豆、芸豆、蚕豆、豌豆等多种豆类植物,其幼虫一旦在豆粒内蛀食,将对储藏的食用豆类造成严重危害。 (本刊辑)     

西园四号甘蓝纯度的RAPD鉴定及其在杂交制种中的应用

利用RAPD-PCR分子标记技术,对西园四号甘蓝及其亲本的DNA指纹进行了分析研究,从520个随机引物中筛选出1个特征引物,构建了相应的DNA指纹图谱,用于西园四号杂种、亲本A和亲本B的种子质量鉴定。同时,利用RAPD对纯度的快速鉴定,可以对杂交制种进行指导。     

冬枣贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

从冬枣贮藏保鲜的方法和影响其贮藏保鲜的因素等方面,对冬枣贮藏保鲜技术研究现状进行了较为详细的论述。总体来看,冬枣贮藏保鲜的物理贮藏方法包括低温贮藏、气调贮藏和减压贮藏,化学方法中包括一些化学杀菌剂、保鲜剂和激素处理,考虑到化学药剂的残留对人体的影响,近几年来,科研人员逐步探索开发冬枣采后生物防治领域,并取得了一定的成绩;同时,也论述了影响冬枣保鲜效果的主要因素有冬枣自身因素、农业技术措施和环境条件等,并对当前研究工作存在的问题及今后的研究重点进行了讨论。     

“农大超甜1号”大规模试验示范启动

中国农业大学育成的"农大超甜1号"与现有甜玉米品种相比,农艺性状表现极为突出。如种子发芽率高,植株生长健壮,抗倒伏能力强,对黑粉病、大斑病、小斑病和青枯病等有较强的抵抗能力,采收期长达7～10天。"农大超甜1号"既可以春播,又可以夏播,且长势和产量非常稳定,从而降低了农民栽培的风险性。"农大超甜1号"可溶性糖含量高达24%,甜度极高,同时,果皮特别柔嫩,渣少,因而很适合鲜食或速冻加工。育种者还通过遗传手段,导入与颜色表达有关的基因,培育出金黄、紫黑、红色、黄白相间等色泽的"农大超甜1号"。它既能满足消费者对于餐桌玉米提出的"好吃、好看、营养、保健"四大要求,同样能满足农民在农村种植结构优化方面对甜玉米提出的"好种、好收、好卖、高产、高效"等要求。 (本刊辑) 一种名为"小冰麦"的小麦新品种逐渐受到我国北方农民的欢迎,开始在许多省区推广种植。 2000年吉林省农安县杨树林乡大面积推广种植了"小冰麦",结果平均每hm2土地比往年种植玉米增收3 000元。 据了解,"小冰麦"是由东北师范大学遗传与细胞研究所郝水院士和何孟元教授课题组培育成功的。自80年代初开始,他们应用植物染色体工程将野生天蓝冰草的染色体及其片断引入小麦基因组,为利用野生有益基因改良小麦创造了基础,首次获得了世界上唯一的两套完整的"小冰麦"异附加系列,在国际同类研究中处于领先地位。 据介绍,"小冰麦"达到了加拿大西部草原春麦和美国北部深色春麦的品质指标,超过了农业部和原商业部制订的优质面包小麦标准,被农业部确定为面包用小麦品种。1999年,杨树林乡的农民种植了500多hm2"小冰麦",得到了意想不到的收益,第二年将种植面积扩大到10万hm2。2000年,这种小麦在吉林省的种植面积已达六成以上,而且已推广到了黑龙江、内蒙古、辽宁、天津、河南、青海和银川等地。 (本刊辑) 日前,海南出入境检验检疫局在对一艘来自马来西亚的泰国籍货轮实施检疫时,发现船上食品舱的一袋500g豇豆已经被严重蛀食,并从豇豆上截获豆象成虫。 经室内鉴定,确认为我国进境植物检疫一类危险性害虫-菜豆象。鉴定人员统计发现,在送样的25粒豇豆上竟有38只成虫,说明菜豆象的为害已非常严重。 据悉,这是海南口岸有史以来首次截获此类害虫,也是海南出入境检验检疫局成立以来首次截获一类危险性害虫。检疫人员已按照有关规定对上述货轮进行了无害化处理,防止了该虫的传入。检疫人员以其高度的责任感和高超的检疫鉴定技术,确保了海南乃至我国豆类生产的安全。 据有关专家介绍,菜豆象属鞘翅目豆象科植物害虫,主要分布于美洲、亚洲、欧洲和非洲等地。它是一种十分危险的仓储害虫,为害菜豆、豇豆、兵豆、鹰嘴豆、木豆、赤小豆、芸豆、蚕豆、豌豆等多种豆类植物,其幼虫一旦在豆粒内蛀食,将对储藏的食用豆类造成严重危害。 (本刊辑)     

“浙江省农机监理业务计算机软件系统”通过鉴定

“浙江省农机监理业务计算机软件系统”通过鉴定 　　浙江大学农业工程与食品科学学院何勇教授主持的项目“浙江省农机监理业务计算机软件系统”最近通过省科技厅鉴定。课题组在大量调查的基础上，成功地应用多媒体技术和数据库技术在Windows环境下开发了农机监理业务计算机软件系统，该系统功能齐全，安全可靠，各项指标均能满足农机监理要求，符合国家有关标准，提供的技术资料齐全、正确、统一、清晰，数据可靠，是实现农机现代化管理的有效工具。该成果在国内农机管理软件的研制中处于领先水平。 ——本刊编辑室     

中国转基因鱼研究的进展

转基因动物是指用实验方法导入的外源基因在染色体基因组内稳定整合并能遗传给后代的一类动物。自从1982年Palmiter等首次将大鼠生长激素基因导入小鼠受精卵雄性原核中，获得了个体比对照组大一倍的转基因“超级小鼠”以来［Palmiter等，1982］，这项高新技术受到各国重视，发展迅速，取得不少突破，全世界已申请的工程动物专利达到八十多项。转基因猪、兔、牛、羊和鱼等相继问世，为培养生产性状优良的超级种群、制备高增值的蛋白和激素类特效药物以及按人的需求提供理想的实验动物等方面开辟了新途径。因此，转基因动物的研究无论对于基…