Improvement of the nutritional quality of Egyptian and Sudanese sorghum grains by the addition of phosphates

1. Male broilers (0 to 35 d) were given foods with two types of yellow sorghum substituted for maize in isonutrient diets. Sorghum-based foods were also supplemented with extra phosphorus, to provide a total P of about 8 g/kg; the P being from either orthophosphoric acid or food grade dicalcium phosphate. 2. Both sorghums depressed growth and food:gain ratio and increased the incidence of locomotor disorder to about 0.50 (maize control = 0). Sorghum from Sudan, with higher concentrations of both tannin and phytate, caused more severe anti-nutritive effects than sorghum from Egypt. 3. Within the limits of statistical significance the growth depressing effect of sorghum was completely reversed by extra P. With the more toxic Sudanese sorghum this amelioration was numerically less than complete (growth = 0.94, maize control = 1). Locomotor disorders were also virtually, but not completely, eliminated by phosphorus treatment. 4. Treatment of sorghum by dry-mixing with dicalcium phosphate could form the basis of a simple and economic method for extending the use of high-tannin sorghum in poultry foods. The mode of action of the treatment remains to be determined.     

新疆特色林果业资源时空分异规律研究

选取具有代表性的苹果、香梨、葡萄、桃、杏、红枣等林果品种资源近60年统计数据,运用数理统计与空间分析的方法对其时空分异规律进行分析。新疆特色林果业资源在时间变化上,种植面积和产量总体呈逐年递增的趋势,但也存在阶段性波动变化的规律,以2000-2009年全疆各地州的林果业面积年变化率最大,且南北疆分布不均衡;在空间上,呈非地带性的条—带、块状分布,沿山麓—河流地带分布,沿盆地—绿洲分布等不同分布规律,从而形成了新疆特色林果业在空间分布上呈现大范围大杂集,小范围小聚集的不均衡性总特征。从时空分异规律分析上看,在极端干旱区发展林果业必须因地制宜,一方面要加强对林果业资源配置的区域性调控,以质促产,以品促效,另一方面强化林果业资源经济-环境效益整合,构建林果业经济-环境可持续、和谐发展格局,借助新疆地缘优势,凸现绿色,走无公害林果产品发展之路。     

新疆乌鲁木齐南山八一林场地衣生态地理学特征

采用显色反应(CT)、微量结晶 (MCT)和薄层色谱 (TLC)等方法,分析乌鲁木齐南山八一林场地衣的物种组成及生态地理特征。结果表明：乌鲁木齐南山八一林场地衣资源较为丰富,共有7目、23科、51属、114种、9变型、9变种。含5种以上的大科共有7个,占总科数的30.43%,分别包括本地区50.98%的属和68.42%的种。地衣的地理成分可划分为12类, 包括欧亚-北美成分(39.47%) 、北半球广布成分(13.16%) 、中国特有成分(12.28%)和世界广布成分(10.53%)。该地区地衣种类与北美、欧洲等地在地衣区系上有一定的相似性,并具有明显的中国特有种类。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘荒漠过渡带风沙流结构特征分析

利用多种集沙仪,通过野外实时输沙观测,对塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘荒漠过渡带的地表风沙流特征进行了分析,结果表明：① 100 cm高度范围内,总输沙量的47.3%分布在30 cm高度内,这一比例小于前人的研究结果;输沙量随高度的变化比较符合幂函数分布。② 风沙流输沙的粒径以细砂、极细砂与粉砂为主,各高度层所占比例均达99%以上;风沙流输沙平均粒径随高度增加而减小,沙尘的含量随高度增加呈现“象鼻”状分布。③ 风沙流中贴地层风速廓线受风沙相互作用的影响,不再符合对数分布,更加符合幂函数u=az^b分布。     

DA-6对温室油桃光合作用及果实品质的影响

以温室栽培的油桃‘红珊瑚’为试材,研究DA-6对温室油桃净光合速率、光合关键酶活性及果实品质的影响。结果表明:定果(花后45d)后喷施2次(间隔25d)20mg/L DA-6可以显著提高油桃净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)以及叶绿素含量,与对照相比,Pn和Gs最多提高了25.83%和12.85%,同时显著提高了核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸加氧酶/羧化酶(Rubisco)和果糖-1,6-二磷酸酯酶(FBPase)等光合关键酶的活性,表明DA-6通过调节气孔因素、光合关键酶活性等因素来调节温室桃树叶片的净光合速率。与对照相比显著提高了果实的单果重和可溶性固形物含量,降低了可滴定酸的含量,果实的固酸比比对照提高了8.68,表明DA-6可以改善果实的品质。     

利用野生龙葵和辣椒资源筛选辣椒砧木试验

本文以两种龙葵和五种野生辣椒为砧木,以阿拉尔垦区主要栽培品种洛椒98A为嫁接接穗,采用插接法进行嫁接,获得嫁接苗.结果表明:野生辣椒5号和野生辣椒1号的嫁接成活率较高,分别为76％和60％,其次为野生辣椒4号为10％,其余野生砧木嫁接苗成活率为零.     

Seasonal prevalence of coccidiosis in industrial broiler chickens in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

The present paper reports the prevalence of coccidiosis in industrial broiler chickens in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan to determine the occurrence of different species of Eimeria in the area and to assess their correlation with the environmental conditions including temperature, humidity and rainfall. The study was conducted from January 2009 to December 2010. Examination of chicken guts revealed 43.89% (n = 3,283/7,480) prevalence of coccidiosis. The highest prevalence (27.04%) was recorded of Eimeria tenella followed by Eimeria maxima (22.42%), Eimeria acervulina (19.89%) and Eimeria necatrix (4.02%). The prevalence of disease was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in autumn (60.02 ± 4.38) followed by summer (47.42 ± 2.92), spring (36.92 ± 2.27) and winter (29.89 ± 3.43). Likewise, prevalence of different species of Eimeria also varied (P < 0.05) in different seasons of the year except that of E. necatrix. A strong correlation (P < 0.05) of environmental conditions with the overall and species-wise prevalence of coccidiosis was recorded except E. necatrix.     

不同覆盖物对果树越冬的保温作用

在克拉玛依市乌尔禾区,于2006～2007年冬季,采用不同覆盖材料,进行了黑塑料布、双膜彩条布、单膜彩条布和紧贴式双层塑料布覆盖下的最低温度和温差的逐日观测,以减轻果树越冬掩埋的劳动强度。结果表明:最低气温平均值是黑塑料布-5.9℃,双膜彩条布-7.3℃,单膜彩条布-9.3℃,紧贴式双层-6.6℃,裸露的气温-17.9℃。温差平均值是黑塑料布-2.8℃,双膜彩条布-2.6℃,单膜彩条布-4.8℃,紧贴式双层-3.7℃,裸露的气温-10.0℃。试验表明,黑塑料布的保温效果好,温差也小。单膜彩条布的保温效果最差,温差也最大,有转暖乍冷的不良影响。紧贴式双层塑料布的保温效果因为与单层黑塑料布相同,并且多浪费一层覆盖材料和多费工时而被否定。     

Anti-diabetic potential of ursolic acid stearoyl glucoside: a new triterpenic gycosidic ester from Lantana camara

A new stearoyl glucoside of ursolic acid, urs-12-en-3β-ol-28-oic acid 3β-d-glucopyranosyl-4′-octadecanoate and other compounds were isolated from the leaves of Lantana camara L. The structure of this new glycoside was elucidated and established by standard spectroscopic methods. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats it showed significant reduction in blood glucose level.