低游离甲醛羟甲基化木质素磺酸盐-酚醛复合胶黏剂研究

以工业木质素为原料,采用羟甲基化反应提高木质素反应活性,确定了羟甲基化反应木质素和催化剂的最佳配比:木质素与甲醛质量比为3:1、催化剂用量为0.25%(以木质素原料计).并用FT-IR和13C NMR对羟甲基化反应结果进行了分析.通过羟甲基化木质素磺酸盐(HLF)与酚醛树脂(PF)共混制得木质素酚醛树脂(LPF)胶黏剂.实验结果表明,该胶具有制备工艺简单、游离甲醛低的特点,用HLF替代40%的PF时,其胶合强度达到国家Ⅰ类胶合板的要求.     

微波辐射在麦秸木质素提取中的应用

采用1,4-丁二醇水溶液作为萃取剂,微波辐射从麦秸中提取木质素.研究了微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、固液比和萃取剂质量分数对麦秸中木质素提取率的影响,得出其最佳提取条件:微波辐射功率900 W,微波辐射时间40 min,固液比1/12(g·mL~(-1)),萃取剂质量分数为90%,木质素萃取率为45.5%.     

Development and mapping of gene-tagged SNP markers in laccases of maize (Zea mays L.)

Laccases, EC 1.10.3.2 or p -diphenol : dioxygen oxidoreductases, have been proposed to be involved in the oxidative polymerization of monolignols into lignins in plants. While 17 laccases have been identified in Arabidopsis , only five ( ZmLac1–5 ) have so far been identified in maize. By a bioinformatic approach, 14 putative laccases were identified in maize. One putative laccase was identical to ZmLac1 , while five were highly homologous to either ZmLac4 or ZmLac5 . Sequence alignment of allelic sequences enabled the development of TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for nine putative laccases. Four of these gene-tagged SNP markers were validated in a doubled-haploid mapping population of 140 individuals, mapping these loci to chromosomes 1, 2, 3 and 7, respectively.     

白花泡桐羟基肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶mRNA全序列克隆及序列分析

经过对其他物种CCR mRNA序列的对比分析后,设计保守区兼并引物,首先用RT-PCR方法得到229 bp CCR mRNA部分序列,之后通过RACE(Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends)方法,成功克隆得到包括5'UTR和3'UTR在内的CCR全部mRNA序列,并进行了分析,所得CCRmRNA全序列共1 243个碱基,CDS共999个碱基(103-1 101),编码氨基酸332,和其他多个物种的CCR序列比对结果显示相似度均在80%以上。此序列成功克隆之前,尚未见到白花泡桐木质素代谢关键酶基因的报道,这对丰富白花泡桐基因资源、有针对性的进行白花泡桐品质或材质改良有巨大的意义。     

玉米秸秆纤维素提取及半纤维素与木质素脱除工艺探讨

为了获取优质的纤维素,以玉米秸秆为原料,通过对纤维素提取工艺的探讨,确定了既能保持纤维素提取量,又可较多脱除半纤维素和木质素的工艺条件。试验结果表明,在NaOH溶液的质量分数为5%、反应温度为55℃、反应时间为1.5 h条件下,半纤维素的脱除率达到92.82%;在NaClO2溶液浓度为9.5 g/L、处理温度75℃条件下,木质素脱除率达到64.32 %。在此工艺条件下,玉米秸秆纤维素含量达到70.12%。     

高级氧化技术处理木质素的研究进展

高级氧化技术是近年来很受人们关注的废水处理新技术,用其氧化降解木质素的研究也在广泛展开。介绍了Fenton试剂法、光化学氧化法、电化学氧化法、湿式氧化法等高级氧化处理技术在木质素氧化降解中的研究与应用现状,并探讨其优缺点。提出了当前应用高级氧化技术处理木质素所存在的问题和发展方向。     

木质素过氧化物酶的研究进展

木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)能够酶解秸秆、牧草以及饲粮种皮中的木质素,改善饲料原料的饲用品质,从而提高其营养价值。本文对木质素过氧化物酶的特性与来源、催化机制及酶活测定方法及其生产应用进行综述。     

改性造纸黑液木质素AOL及其降解产物的谱学研究

为了解改性造纸黑液木质素及其降解产物的结构特征,对从造纸黑液中分离出并通过化学改性（氨氧化导入氮素）而制成氨氧化木质素（AOL）和未改性的碱木素（ALG）分别制样,进行红外光谱分析。结果表明,造纸黑液木质素在改性过程中部分苯环被打破,并在分子结构上接上了氮素,接上的氮素主要以酰胺态存在,而其他结构仍然与未改性的ALG相同。取等量的AOL和ALG分别与等量的土壤样品混合,在保持一定湿度和30℃下恒温培养1个月,用丙酮浸提,制样,进行GC-MS分析,发现有酚、醌类物质及含氮化合物的存在。这些物质的存在可以解释AOL作为控释氮肥的肥效以及作为尿素增效剂所具有的增效作用。     

Chemistry of soil organic matter as related to C : N in Norway spruce forest (Picea abies(L.) Karst.) floors and mineral soils

Due to high nitrogen deposition in central Europe, the C : N ratio of litter and the forest floor has narrowed in the past. This may cause changes in the chemical composition of the soil organic matter. Here we investigate the composition of organic matter in Oh and A horizons of 15 Norway spruce soils with a wide range of C : N ratios. Samples are analyzed with solid‐state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, along with chemolytic analyses of lignin, polysaccharides, and amino acid‐N. The data are investigated for functional relationships between C, N contents and C : N ratios by structural analysis. With increasing N content, the concentration of lignin decreases in the Oh horizons, but increases in the A horizons. A negative effect of N on lignin degradation is observed in the mineral soil, but not in the humus layer. In the A horizons non‐phenolic aromatic C compounds accumulate, especially at low N values. At high N levels, N is preferentially incorporated into the amino acid fraction and only to a smaller extent into the non‐hydrolyzable N fraction. High total N concentrations are associated with a higher relative contribution of organic matter of microbial origin.     

Priming effects of sugars,amino acids,organic acids and catechol on the mineralization of lignin and peat

The ¹⁴C‐labeled substrates glucose, fructose, alanine, glycine, oxalic acid, acetic acid, and catechol were incubated at 20 °C in a model system that consisted of sand mixed with lignin or peat (3 % C_org). Each substrate was added at either 80 or 400 μg C (g sand)^—1. During 26 days of incubation with an inoculum extracted from forest soil, the amount of CO₂ evolved was measured hourly. The amount of ¹⁴CO₂ was determined after 4, 6, 12, 19, and 26 days. After 26 days of incubation, each substrate showed priming effects, but not in all examined treatments. Most substrates stimulated the degradation of the model substances (positive priming effects). Negative priming effects only were found in the lignin system with oxalic acid and catechol addition at both concentrations. The strongest positive priming occurred in the peat system with the oxalic acid addition of 80 μg C g^—1 where 1.8 % of the peat were mineralized after 26 days, compared to 0.7 % in the control. The addition of 400 μg alanine‐C g^—1 caused the strongest increase in lignin mineralization, amounting to 3.9 % compared to 2.8 % in the control. During the incubation the extent of priming changed with time. Most substrates caused the strongest effects during the first 4 to 10 days of incubation. The extent of priming depended on substrate type, substrate concentration, and organic model substance. Possibly this is due to the activation of different microorganisms.