独龙族旱冬瓜农林混作模式研究

居住在中国云南省独龙江流域的独龙族,长期以来有一种旱冬瓜农林混作模式,通过封同一地块的玉米地、3年生旱冬瓜林地和6年生旱冬瓜林地进行调查、取样分析,结果表明,6年生旱冬瓜农林混交模式在固氮、改善土壤肥力、促进生态恢复方面比玉米地和3年生旱冬瓜农林混交模式好。     

大孔树脂分离纯化鼠曲草中黄酮类化合物研究

考察7种大孔吸附树脂对鼠曲草中黄酮类化合物的吸附分离性能,确定大孔树脂分离鼠曲草中黄酮类化合物的最佳工艺条件.结果表明,树脂对鼠曲草黄酮有良好的吸附分离性能,其最佳工艺条件为:ADS-21质量浓度1.28～1.78 mg/mL;pH 3.0;鼠曲草原料液以4 BV/h的流速上柱吸附后,再用8倍树脂体积的30%乙醇以3 BV/h的流速解吸,解吸率为95.5%;湿树脂的饱和吸附量为49.57 mg/mL;纯化产品中黄酮含量为82.23%.     

杜鹃兰假鳞茎发育中内源激素的含量变化

采用ELISA法测定了杜鹃兰新生假鳞茎发育过程中早期新老假鳞茎的4种内源激素(IAA、CTK、GA3和ABA)含量的动态变化。结果表明:在杜鹃兰新生假鳞茎发育过程中新老假鳞茎内源激素含量及比例呈现规律性的变化。新老假鳞茎中IAA含量变化较为复杂,一年生假鳞茎呈先急剧下降后上升再小幅下降的变化,二年生假鳞茎表现出两个峰顶和三个峰谷的变化,三年生假鳞茎则呈先升后降再升再降的变化;CTK含量的变化是一年生假鳞茎呈先急剧下降后小幅上升再下降,二年生和三年生假鳞茎均呈双峰曲线;GA3含量变化表现出一年生假鳞茎先升后降再升再降最后急剧上升,二年生假鳞茎先升后降再升,三年生假鳞茎先降后升再降再升的变化趋势;ABA含量整体呈先升后降的变化;IAA/CTK和IAA/ABA比值的变化几乎都是先下降后呈双峰曲线。     

赤霉素浸泡与层积时间对山樱种子萌发的影响

研究了层积前用不同浓度的赤霉素浸泡48 h以及层积时间对山樱(Cerasus serrulata Don.)种子萌发的影响.结果表明:山樱种子具有低温休眠的特性,未通过休眠的种子不发芽,通过低温层积能打破休眠,促进发芽.层积前用赤霉素浸泡能显著缩短层积时间,提高种子发芽率.在所有处理组合中,以1 500 mg/L赤霉素浸泡48 h后层积60 d和层积40 d两处理打破休眠效果最好,其种子发芽率分别达到92.2%和88.1%,极显著或显著地高于其它处理组合.清水浸种虽能在一定程度上促进种子的发芽,但效果并不明显.     

激光测距方法测量结构材的顺纹抗拉弹性模量

该文以经过120 d、温度90℃条件下窑干干燥处理的56根日本柳杉人工林结构材(110 mm×55 mm×2 500 mm)作为测试试件,介绍了一种利用激光测距系统测量顺纹抗拉弹性模量的方法. 首先将试件含水率调至15%,在抗拉试验开始前采用纵向基频振动方法 (FFT) 得到试件的动态弹性模量(Efr),再利用由激光测距仪、数据采集器和计算机处理系统组成的激光测距系统,测定了顺纹抗拉弹性模量（Et）,最后破坏试件完成顺纹抗拉强度（σt）的测定. 对Efr、Et和σt相互关系的比较分析表明,Et的平均值比FFT方法得到的Efr的平均值小78% (0.63　GPa);Et与Efr具有很好的相关性,相关系数R为0971,在0.001水平上呈显著相关;Et和σt的相关系数R为0727,也在0.001水平上呈显著相关. 足尺试件的顺纹抗拉测试结果表明,激光测距方法可以准确地测量结构材在顺纹受拉时发生的拉伸变形,从而得到可靠的抗拉弹性模量试验结果.       

短瓣石竹野生资源调查

短瓣石竹作为重要的珍稀药用植物,市场前景十分看好.笔者通过实地调查与走访调查相结合的方向,该文从短瓣石竹的资源分布状况、生态环境、种群结构、野生变家种状况、市场需求及现状等方面展开系统研究,为短瓣石竹资源开发和利用提供依据和支持.     

竹叶兰的无菌播种快繁技术研究

以竹叶兰种子为外植体进行无菌播种，成功诱导原球茎并再生植株，建立其快繁体系。试验结果表明：(1)1/2 MS＋香蕉泥30.0 g/L为最佳种子萌发与原球茎诱导培养基；(2)1/2 MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.1 mg/L＋香蕉泥30.0 g/L为最佳芽增殖培养基，且芽生长健壮；(3)1/2 MS＋IBA 0.5 mg/L为最适生根培养基。     

Hybrid drying with high-frequency heating and hot air under atmospheric pressure IV: water movement in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis> wood during high-frequency heating

 The relations among internal temperature, internal pressure, and moisture content distribution in sugi square lumber during high-frequency (HF) heating were determined to clarify the mechanism of water movement during the combination of HF heating and hot air exposure. Green sugi square lumbers were subjected to HF heating under atmospheric pressure. The water movement and pathways in the lumber during HF heating were also investigated. Results showed that internal pressure is the driving force of water movement. HF heating causes a rise in the internal temperature and internal pressure in sugi square lumber. Ordinarily, water in lumber evaporates from the surfaces of lumber during hot air drying. However, with HF heating the internal pressure is generated by the increased temperature, and liquid water is driven not only parallel to the grain but also perpendicular to the grain of the lumber. The ratio of the amount of liquid flow in the parallel and perpendicular directions ranged from 2 : 3 to 1 : 3. When the movement of water in the lumber was traced with a 0.5% aqueous solution of acid fuchsin, water was found to move through the lumber in the longitudinal direction and then flow in a direction perpendicular to the grain or in the radial and tangential directions. Received: June 15, 2001 / Accepted: February 8, 2002 Acknowledgment The authors thank Dr. O.R. Pulido, Institute of Wood Technology, Akita Prefectural University, for discussions and for proofreading this paper. Part of this research was presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001 Correspondence to:Y. Kawai     

Species richness in sugi (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis> D. DON) plantations in southeastern Kyushu,Japan: the effects of stand type and age on understory trees and shrubs

 The species richness of trees, shrubs and climbing plants was investigated in 41 sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) plantations of different stand age and area in southern Kyushu, southwestern Japan. Altogether 174 species were found, of which 145 infrequent species were selected for analysis. Two groups were extracted from the species list according to their occurrence in older (49 spp.) or younger (28 spp.) stands, the latter containing a higher percentage of climbing plants and species with wind-dispersed seeds. In contrast, the older stand group contained major tree components typical of seminatural, evergreen broadleaved forests in the region and was more heavily dependent on stand age, especially for species with gravity- and frugivore-dispersed seeds, showing a gradual increase up to 60 years old. The species richness was less correlated with edge perimeter facing seminatural forests and the years after latest thinning. The juxtaposition of plantation compartments with stands of seminatural forest or other plantations, as well as the compartment's origin as former plantation site or a seminatural stand, had relatively little influence on species richness. However, topographic variation was important in determining the species composition, with valley stands having higher species richness and containing many plants typical of the regional seminatural forests. These results suggest that (1) the major trend of species richness is determined by the presence of old stand type species, (2) topographic variation of species richness remains even after establishment of plantations, and (3) the normal rotation period of sugi plantations (35–40 years) may therefore be too short to conserve the maximum potential species diversity within the working forest. Received: June 4, 2001 / Accepted: August 26, 2002 Acknowledgments We wish to thank the staff of the Miyazaki University Forests for cooperation in the fieldwork. A part of this study was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Study from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan (no. 09041071 and no. 10460068). Correspondence to:S. Ito     

醋酸水溶液预处理对柳杉木材炭化的影响

杉木(日本柳杉)经醋酸水溶液处理后，重量减少。将处理前后柳杉木材在4℃下进行炭化，得到了木醋液、木焦油和木炭。与未处理材相比，处理材木醋液的收率增加，而木焦油和木炭的收率减少。处理液的醋酸浓度增加后，木醋液和木焦油的收率几乎不变，但木炭的收率稍微减少了。用毛细管气相色谱法对木醋液的成分进行了定量分析。与未处理材相比，处理材木醋液中糠醛(呋喃甲醛)及5-羟甲基糠醛的收量增加，而羧酸类、苯酚类、邻苯二酚、愈创木酚类及麦芽酚的收量几乎不变。当醋酸浓度从0增至3％时，糠醛的收量随着增加，但是当醋酸浓度从3％增至30％时，其收量却几乎不变。