南方连栋塑料温室夏季机械通风优化设计

我国南方地区夏季长期高温,严重影响了温室作物生长。为了提高降温效果且减少通风能耗,需要优化温室机械通风系统的设计参数和控制方法。以南方地区典型的连栋塑料温室为研究对象,针对温室机械通风,建立了三维全尺度瞬态及稳态计算流体力学仿真模型。通过在温室内、外均匀布置温、湿度和光照传感器,测量机械通风引起的温室内气温变化和分布,用实验验证了仿真模型瞬态和稳态计算的准确性和有效性。通过仿真模型模拟了室外高温条件下的风机数量、温室长度、入口温度及环境温度变化等参数对机械通风降温效果的影响程度,并模拟了不同数量风机启闭控制的降温效果。本文提供的控制策略最高可减少约60%的能源消耗,而植物冠层平均温度仅升高0.21℃。     

鸡体核温度影响因素研究进展

随着禽业的不断发展，家禽健康和福利越来越受到人们关注，在市场需求的压力之下，当代家禽品种的选育越来越追求高效、快长及高产、快繁等性状，因此家禽抗应激能力和免疫性能都在不断下降。鸡体核温度是判断鸡生理健康的重要标志，阐述了鸡体核温度与环境温度、休闲睡眠、采食饮水、光照通风以及疾病监测之间的关系，旨在探讨影响鸡体核温度与健康状态关键因素，进一步阐明最能反映鸡正常与病理状态下体核温度变化的规律，有利于在实际生产中精确掌握鸡的生理健康状况，提高鸡的生活力，降低经济损失。     

加装大风量风机对夏季湿帘降温奶牛舍的防暑降温效果分析

低屋面横向通风(Low Profile Cross Ventilated,LPCV)牛舍在华北地区应用,引发高温高湿问题。为解决此问题,该研究选择石家庄某奶牛场的2栋不同尺寸的LPCV牛舍,加装数量不同的轴流风机。结果表明:轴流风机的工作效率受牛舍跨度以及其安装位置的影响,30m跨度牛舍运行更稳定,风速不均匀系数小于0.20;在74m跨度牛舍,南侧湿帘端的风机工作效率更高。舍内环境与奶牛生理指标评价表明:30m跨度舍加装轴流风机后,过帘风速为2.17±0.20 m/s,提升45.6%,舍内卧栏处风速为1.95±0.85 m/s、提升10.8%,进风量增加418 339.09 m3/h,舍内平均温度为27.7±1.9℃,相对湿度下降9.2%、平均值为(75.9±6.6)%。74 m跨度舍过帘风速为1.96±0.20 m/s,卧栏处平均风速为1.62±0.91 m/s,进风量为1 008 568.80 m3/h,平均温度为27.7±1.8℃,舍内平均相对湿度为(74.6±5.8)%;二栋牛舍内平均温度、相对湿度、奶牛呼吸频率与皮肤温度在加装轴流风机后无显著性差异(P0.05)。综上,加装轴流风机可以显著改善舍内环境,并创造有利于奶牛生存的环境。     

Preliminary evaluation of the effects of a 1:1 inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio in anesthetized and ventilated horses

ObjectiveTo describe some cardiorespiratory effects of an inspiratory-to-expiratory (IE) ratio of 1:1 compared with 1:3 in ventilated horses in dorsal recumbency.Study designRandomized crossover experimental study.AnimalsA total of eight anesthetized horses, with 444 (330–485) kg body weight [median (range)].MethodsHorses were ventilated in dorsal recumbency with a tidal volume of 15 mL kg^–1 and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths minute^–1, and IE ratios of 1:1 (IE1:1) and 1:3 (IE1:3) in random order, each for 25 minutes after applying a recruitment maneuver. Spirometry, arterial blood gases and dobutamine requirements were recorded in all horses during each treatment. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) data were recorded in four horses and used to generate functional EIT variables including regional ventilation delay index (RVD), a measure of speed of lung inflation, and end-expiratory lung impedance (EELI), an indicator of functional residual capacity (FRC). Results were assessed with linear and generalized linear mixed models.ResultsCompared with treatment IE1:3, horses ventilated with treatment IE1:1 had higher mean airway pressures and respiratory system compliance (p < 0.014), while peak, end-inspiratory and driving airway pressures were lower (p < 0.001). No differences in arterial oxygenation or dobutamine requirements were observed. PaCO₂ was lower in treatment IE1:1 (p = 0.039). Treatment IE1:1 resulted in lower RVD (p < 0.002) and higher EELI (p = 0.023) than treatment IE1:3.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThese results suggest that IE1:1 improved respiratory system mechanics and alveolar ventilation compared with IE1:3, whereas oxygenation and dobutamine requirements were unchanged, although differences were small. In the four horses where EIT was evaluated, IE1:1 led to a faster inflation rate of the lung, possibly the result of increased FRC. The clinical relevance of these findings needs to be further investigated.     

丘陵地形特征与传统民居形式对自然通风的影响

采用现场测试和计算流体力学(CFD)分步模拟法相结合的方法研究了丘陵地形和建筑形式与构造对湖南北部地区的某传统民居的自然通风效果的影响.根据现场测绘建筑形式和丘陵地形的数据对研究对象进行简化,以测试的冬、夏气象参数、夏季壁面温度、冬季采暖热源作为边界条件,模拟结果表明,地形特征及建筑总平面布局、建筑形式和建筑构造对建筑自然通风影响较大,且模拟结果与建筑内外的11个测点的风速测试结果比较吻合.因此,丘陵地区的复杂边界条件下,CFD分步模拟法可用于居住建筑的模拟设计,以改善其夏季自然通风并减少冬季冷风渗透.