复方呋喃西林纳米乳的制备及其对奶牛子宫内膜炎的疗效观察

【目的】研制复方呋喃西林纳米乳,并检测其对奶牛子宫内膜炎的治疗效果。【方法】用紫外分光光度计测定呋喃西林在3种油相(肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(IPM)、橄榄油、石蜡油)和2种表面活性剂(聚氧乙烯醚氢化蓖麻油(RH40)、Tween-80)中的溶解度,确定纳米乳处方。采用转相乳化法制备复方呋喃西林纳米乳,对其进行质量评价,并研究其对西安和北京2个奶牛场子宫内膜炎病牛的治疗效果。【结果】复方呋喃西林纳米乳的配方是:呋喃西林1%,替硝唑0.3%,Tween-80 32.5%,Span-80 13.7%,橄榄油5%,蒸馏水47.5%(各组分含量均为质量分数)。用该配方制备的复方呋喃西林纳米乳为O/W型,乳滴呈球形,分布均匀,无粘连,平均粒径为67.20 nm,乳液澄清透明,避光保存时稳定性较好。复方呋喃西林纳米乳对西安某奶牛场子宫内膜炎病牛的治愈率为92.9%,较清宫液对照组高7.2%;有效率为92.9%,与清宫液治疗组相同。复方呋喃西林纳米乳对北京某奶牛场子宫内膜炎病牛的治愈率为66.7%,有效率为77.8%,均极显著高于宫速清溶液(P<0.01)。【结论】复方呋喃西林纳米乳研制成功,其对奶牛子宫内膜炎有较好的治疗效果。     

5%地克珠利纳米乳对鸡球虫病的疗效研究

【目的】研究5%地克珠利纳米乳对鸡球虫病的疗效。【方法】选择300只18日龄的雏鸡,随机均分为5%地克珠利纳米乳高、中、低剂量组,0.5%地克珠利溶液组,阴性对照组和阳性对照组6组,试验组和阳性对照组每只鸡经口接种柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)卵囊悬液0.5 mL(含球虫卵囊1.0×10⁵个),阴性对照组接种等量生理盐水,感染48 h后饮水给药,按地克珠利计,5%地克珠利纳米乳高、中、低剂量组给药质量浓度分别为2.0,1.0,0.5 mg/L,0.5%地克珠利溶液组给药质量浓度为1.0 mg/L,给药5 d,阴性对照组和阳性对照组正常饮水。人工感染后第8天测定相对增重率、存活率、盲肠病变值、卵囊值和抗球虫指数。【结果】 5%地克珠利纳米乳中剂量组疗效最好,抗球虫指数达195.81,相对增重率达95.81%,存活率为100%,病变值为0,卵囊值为0。【结论】 5%地克珠利纳米乳是一种高效抗球虫药,临床推荐用量1.0 mg/L（按地克珠利计）,饮水给药。     

Alginate coarse/nanoemulsions containing Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil as edible coatings and the impact on microbial quality of trout fillet

In this study, the effect of edible coarse/nanoemulsions of alginate as coating containing Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil (ZEO) on the microbial quality of fish fillets was investigated at three concentrations (i.e. 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% [w/v]) in 16 days of storage at 4°C. Moreover, a comparison was made between the fabricated coarse emulsion and nanoemulsion coatings by particle size and polydispersity index analyses. Sample analysis was performed with regard to total viable count (TVC), total psychrophilic count (TPC), hydrogen sulphide‐producing bacteria count (HSC) and Enterobacteriaceae count (ENC) on days 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16. According to the findings, all the samples showed increased microbial counts during the storage periods. The highest reduction rates of TVC (about 2 log CFU/g), TPC (about 1 log CFU/g), HSC (about 1.5 log CFU/g) and ENC (about 3 log CFU/g) were observed in the nanoemulsion of alginate containing 1% w/v ZEO (NE 1%) samples, compared with alginate and control samples. The microbial growth was significantly inhibited in all treatments, compared with that in the control (p < .05). Accordingly, it can be concluded that nanoemulsion coating was more effective than coarse emulsion to prolong the durability of fish fillets and revealed a faster and greater inhibition of microbial flora, compared with coarse emulsions during the storage time.     

Effect of β-Glucan Stabilized Virgin Coconut Oil Nanoemulsion on Properties of Croaker Surimi Gel

Effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion stabilized by β-glucan and β-glucan solution at final β-glucan levels of 5–20% (based on solid weight of surimi) on croaker surimi gel were comparatively studied. Increases in breaking force, deformation, and fracture constant were found in surimi gel containing VCO nanoemulsion stabilized by 5% β-glucan, whereas a decrease in all properties was observed as the level of β-glucan in nanoemulsion increased. The addition of β-glucan solutions led to continuous decrease in breaking force, deformation, and fracture constant, compared to the control. Addition of both β-glucan stabilized nanoemulsion and β-glucan solutions resulted in decrease in viscoelastic moduli. Power law model represented viscoelastic behavior of all the gels. Expressible moisture content decreased, while whiteness increased with the addition of β-glucan-stabilized nanoemulsion, compared with gel containing VCO. However, both expressible moisture content and whiteness increased with the addition of β-glucan solutions, at all levels used. Addition of β-glucan-stabilized nanoemulsion resulted in finer gels compared to the control gel added with only VCO. Generally, overall likeness score increased for gel containing VCO nanoemulsion stabilized by 5% β-glucan. The surimi gel containing both medium chain fatty acids and β-glucan, functional ingredients, could be developed as a new product.