The use of iron chelates in compound fertilizers containing trace elements

Abstract

The chemical behaviour of iron chelates, incorporated in compound fertilizers with inorganic micronutrient compounds, was studied. Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of these products in controlling iron deficiency. A commercial compound fertilizer, containing 0.09% Fe as Fe‐DTPA, 0.12% Cu, 0.16% Mn and 0.04% Zn as sulfates, proved to be ineffective in preventing iron chlorosis in Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ’Alumii’, growing on sphagnum peat at two lime levels. The same fertilizer formulation with 0.09%‐ Fe as Fe‐EDDHA did prevent iron chlorosis at both lime levels. Fe‐EDTA, incorporated in the compound fertilizer, gave good results at the lower but not at the higher lime level, due to the low stability of Fe‐EDTA at high pH. Data from laboratory experiments showed that copper replaced the chelated iron in the compound fertilizer containing Fe‐DTPA, causing the iron to precipitate. The strong competition between copper and iron for the organic ligand is due to a specific affinity of copper for DTPA, resulting in a copper chelate with high stability constant and a molar ratio of copper to chelating agent of 2 : 1.

In the case of Fe‐EDDHA and Fe‐EDTA the competition between iron and copper is much weaker. In contrast to Fe‐DTPA, these chelates remain rather stable when incorporated in fertilizers containing micronutrients.     

不同元素配施对玉米营养吸收的影响

盒栽试验结果表明：在此土壤条件下，施钾和微量元素对根系的发育有促进作用，有效地防止早衰，使其活秆成熟；硫酸锌和稀土对植株的生长无促进作用，三元素复合肥配施复合微肥效果最好；钾能促进氮从根系往植株体运输，稀土不利于氮素向籽实转移，锌和复合微肥对氮的吸收无明显作用；各种微量元素对磷的吸收无明显影响；氮磷肥有助于钾的吸收和运输；ZnSO4和稀土可能延迟钾的吸收，随着生育时期的延迟，植株和根系的含钾量随之降低。     

复合肥与微量元素配施对玉米产量和品质的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了复合肥与微量元素配施对玉米产量和品质的影响，结果表明：复合肥配施复合微肥、硫酸锌等微量元素能明显促进植株的生长发育，增加籽实产量；但与稀土配施对植株的生长发育及籽实产量无明显影响。复合微肥与微量元素配施对玉米的品质有不同的影响：复合微肥对可溶性糖的影响较大，硫酸锌对总淀粉的影响较大，而稀土对总淀粉、可溶性糖及粗蛋白的影响均较大。因此，建议复合肥厂家在生产N、P、K三元素复合肥时最好填加复合微肥及硫酸锌。     

黑土土壤质量演变初探III——不同地区黑土主要微量元素状况及其评价

以不同地区黑土阳离子微量元素的全量及有效态含量变化为研究内容 ,重点讨论和评价了锌、锰、铜和铁的分布状况、变化规律和丰缺程度。研究结果表明 :公主岭、海伦和北安地区黑土全锌、全锰、全铜和全铁平均含量与1980年第二次土壤普查结果基本一致 ;有效锌、有效锰、有效铜和有效铁的平均含量都高于缺素的临界值 ,说明3个地区黑土中目前不会出现严重的微量元素缺乏的现象。除北安地区有效铜含量低于1980年第二次土壤普查结果外 ,其他地区微量元素有效含量都有所提高 ,一般顺序为 ,公主岭<海伦<北安。黑土中微量元素与其他理化形状之间的相关性在不同地区表现不同 ,但有效锌、有效铜和有效铁含量与黑土中有机质含量之间存在一定的正相关。因此 ,在目前情况下 ,黑土中有机质水平可以基本上反映出微量元素的丰缺程度。     

黑龙港流域古河道细质沙土微肥有效性的研究

本文采用土壤农化分析手段和田间生物试验方法,评价黑龙港流域古河道细质沙土施用微量元素的有效性。结果表明:该地区土壤肥力低,严重缺乏氮、磷等大量元素;土壤有效微量元素锌、铁和硼含量均低于临界浓度;花生施用锌、铁、硼和钼肥分别增产13.9%。12.0%,8.0%和3.0%,小麦喷施锌、锰肥分别增产16.2%和4.8%。     

滨海沙土微量元素与木麻黄生长的关系

本文探讨了广东滨海沙土中微量元素B、Mo、Mn、Cu、Zn与木麻黄生长的关系,结果表明:B、Mo有利于促进生长与抗病,Cu含量高对生长有抑制作用,其余的作用不明显。     

喷施稀土和微肥对小白菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量及其他品质的影响

通过田间小区试验,于2002年和2003年在湖南长沙地区研究了红菜园土和冲积菜园土条件下喷施稀土肥、铜肥、钼肥、锌肥、锰肥和硼肥对小白菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量及其他品质的影响。结果表明,喷施钼肥和锰肥能显著降低小白菜硝酸盐含量,也显著增强了硝酸盐还原酶的活性;各处理小白菜亚硝酸盐含量均没有超标;在小白菜生长旺期后喷施稀土和微肥没有明显影响蔬菜产量;红菜园土上蔬菜产量明显高于冲积菜园土上蔬菜产量。     

Biochar application to temperate soils: Effects on soil fertility and crop growth under greenhouse conditions

Biochar (BC) application as a soil amendment has aroused much interest and was found to considerably improve soil nutrient status and crop yields on poor, tropical soils. However, information on the effect of BC on temperate soils is still insufficient, with effects expected to differ from tropical soils. We investigated the effects of BC on soil nutrient dynamics, crop yield, and quality in a greenhouse pot experiment. We compared three agricultural soils (Planosol, Cambisol, Chernozem), and BCs of three different feedstocks (wheat straw [WS], mixed woodchips [WC], vineyard pruning [VP]) slowly pyrolyzed at 525°C, of which the latter was also pyrolyzed at 400°C. The BCs were applied at two rates (1% and 3%, which would correspond to 30 and 90 t ha^–1 in the field). Three crops, namely mustard (Sinapis alba L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) were grown successively within one year. The investigated soil properties included pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation‐exchange capacity (CEC), calcium‐acetate‐lactate (CAL)–extractable P (P_CAL) and K (K_CAL), C, N, and nitrogen‐supplying potential (NSP). The results show a pH increase in all soils. The CEC increased only on the Planosol. The C : N ratio increased at 3% application rate. Despite improving the soil nutrient status partly, yields of the first crop (mustard) and to a lesser extent of the second crop (barley) were significantly depressed through BC application (by up to 68%); the yield of clover as third crop was not affected. Only the BC from WS maintained yields in the range of the control and even increased barley yield by 6%. The initial yield reduction was accompanied by notable decreases (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) and increases (Mo) in micronutrient concentrations of plant tissues while nitrogen concentrations were hardly affected. The results of the pot experiment show that despite additional mineral fertilization, short‐term growth inhibition may occur when applying BC without further treatment to temperate soils.     

Influence of soil temperature and moisture on micronutrient supply,plant uptake,and biomass yield of wheat,pea, and canola

Abstract

Crop yield response to micronutrient fertilization is difficult to predict, particularly under unfavorable environmental conditions as these may alter both crop nutrient demand and the soil micronutrient supply to plant roots. The research objective was to evaluate the effect of various soil temperature and moisture conditions on crop growth response to added micronutrient copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) along with soil micronutrient supply and distribution among fractions. Brown and Dark Brown farm soils collected from southern Saskatchewan were used to grown wheat, pea and canola within controlled environment chambers. The biomass yields of all crops decreased under cold soil temperature and moisture stress (drought and saturated) conditions. Greater plant uptake of Cu, Zn, and B was associated with optimum (i.e., field capacity) soil moisture and warm temperature (23°C) growing conditions, compared to drought (i.e., 50% field capacity), saturated, and cold (5°C) temperature conditions. Environmental stress had the greatest impact on pea growth, reducing crop yield and micronutrient utilization efficiency more than 95%. Soil supplies of Cu and Zn were most negatively impacted by drought stress due to reduced mobility of these diffusion limited nutrients. The extractable micronutrients levels and chemical speciation fractions of Cu, Zn, and B indicating that bioavailability and micronutrient transformation were not affected during our short-term (i.e., six-weeks) study. However, it is suggested that assessments of micronutrient forms also be conducted on soil samples under actual moisture and temperature conditions as they exist in the experiment, as well as on dried, processed samples.