3MT-5．0型葡萄埋藤机的研制

根据葡萄生产实际需要,设计一种小型葡萄埋藤机。介绍3MT-5．0型葡萄埋藤机的设计构想,说明整机结构与工作原理,确定主要技术参数．详细阐述主要部件的设计,并应用Inventor三维软件完成建模和样机试制。通过样机应用试验,证明该机结构合理、使用方便、作业效果好,是实现葡萄埋藤作业机械化的适用机具。     

马铃薯扦插苗浅埋顶芽快速诱导脱毒小薯形成

在无土栽培条件下，对脱毒马铃薯植株剪头扦插苗，采用浅埋顶芽扦插和常规扦插。结果表明，埋顶芽可强制，扦插苗早结薯，并改变其固有结薯方式和结薯位置，同时也改变了品种间因熟性造成的固有差异。     

城市垃圾填埋与沼气化技术的现状与发展

综合阐述国内外在城市垃圾填埋与沼气化领域的应用现状、城市垃圾填埋以及沼气化技术原理,结合经济和技术实际,详细分析城市垃圾填埋与沼气化技术在我国的可行性,并对其在我国大范围推广的发展前景和存在的问题进行简析。     

寒冷地区小城镇污水管道浅埋技术的运用

本文就污水管道线技术在实际运用时应注意的几个问题进行了介绍     

Survival and germination of an experimental seed bank population of two species of Lauraceae in a tropical montane forest in Thailand

The survival and germination traits of two tropical species of Lauraceae, Lindera metcalfiana and Litsea cubeba, were investigated in a 2-year burial experiment and subsequent germination tests of sequentially excavated seeds. Fresh seeds extracted from fruit were packed in aluminum mesh bags and buried 5cm deep in a mature montane forest in northern Thailand (1700m altitude). No seed mortality was recorded for Litsea, but Lindera experienced 26%–48% mortality after being buried for 122 days. These seeds did not germinate in the forest soil during the 2-year experimental period. We found that fresh seeds of these two species did not germinate even under open conditions, suggesting that the seeds are initially deeply dormant after dispersal. In contrast, 29%–60% of excavated Lindera seeds germinated under open conditions after being buried for 30–753 days, and excavated Litsea seeds began to germinate after being buried for 408 days. These findings suggest that seeds enter a state of enforced dormancy. The ratio of germinable seeds peaked 184 days after burial in Lindera (33%) and 930 days after burial in Litsea (91%). The longer period of deep dormancy in Litsea prior to enforced dormancy is concordant with the fact that for regeneration Litsea requires larger-scale disturbance than Lindera.     

Comparison of spatial distribution models to predict subtidal burying habitat of the forage fish Ammodytes personatus in the Strait of Georgia,British Columbia,Canada

1. The Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) is a key forage species for many commercially important fish (e.g. salmon and groundfish), marine birds, and whales found in nearshore coastal waters of British Columbia, Canada.
2. Sand lance lack a swim bladder and have a requirement for low-silt, medium-coarse sandy sea-bed habitat for burying. Little information is available describing the distribution of burying habitat, partly because there are no commercial fisheries for A. personatus in British Columbia.
3. This information is required by habitat and wildlife managers to identify and protect uncommon patches of burying habitats from detrimental activities, including dredging, infilling, and oil spills.
4. In this study, habitat distribution results from five suitability modelling algorithms were evaluated: maximum entropy, generalized linear model, generalized additive model, random forest, and an ensemble model of the latter three.
5. The maximum entropy model had the highest performance score (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.78) and was selected as the model that most accurately identified the presence of suitable A. personatus burying habitat.
6. Model results indicate that suitable burying habitat is primarily influenced by derived sea-bed substrate, distance to estuary, distance to sand-gravel beaches, and bottom sea temperature.
7. Overall, the spatial modelling identified only 105 km² of highly suitable sand lance burying habitat, or 2.6% of the study area (0–150 m), primarily in Haro Strait, along the east coast of Vancouver Island, and in northern regions of the strait near Cortes, Savary, and Harwood islands.
8. Identification of this uncommon and patchy burying habitat will contribute to the ongoing conservation of an important coastal prey species.

     

无驱动式自动调平水田埋秆起浆整地机设计与试验

为解决东北稻区秸秆全量还田条件下,现有驱动式搅浆机存在动力消耗大、严重破坏土壤结构并使得秸秆漂浮等问题,设计了一种无驱动式自动调平水田埋秆起浆整地机,机具前排星形耙片细碎土壤并掩埋秸秆,后排轧滚进一步碎土埋秆,平地装置平整地表,由电液控制系统实现自动调平,能够为水稻插秧作业创造优良地块条件。通过理论分析和优化设计,确定了优化后星形耙片的各项结构参数和排列方式;设计了带有齿板和刀齿的轧滚,倾斜布置的齿板和直立的刀齿分别对土壤进行横向与纵向的滑切,可提高碎土埋秆效果;改进设计了平地板,〖JP2〗确定了板高为150mm,并针对前进速度、板宽、推压角开展了仿真试验,得到最优工作参数为：前进速度2.4km/h、板宽290mm、推压角44°;采用中心不动法的调平策略,设计了基于倾角传感器和PID算法的自动调平电液控制系统,实现了自动调平系统的快速平稳控制。田间试验结果表明,整机作业后地表平整度为0.73cm,秸秆覆盖率为91.4%,压茬深度为5.98cm,泥浆度为1.18g/cm3,机具各项指标均优于国家标准,该设计可为东北稻区秸秆全量还田条件下水整地机具研究提供参考。     

A study of the growth and burrowing ability for the environmentally friendly cultured freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea

Issues concerning ecology, food safety and environmental protection are currently the focus of global attention, as are studies related to region‐specific agriculture that emphasize regional quality. Hualien County, located in eastern Taiwan, proposed the so‐called innocuous agriculture is that the industries can product non‐toxic products, including agriculture, fisheries, animal husbandry and processed industries. Innocuous agriculture and organic agriculture share the same objective, producing non‐toxic and pollutant‐free agricultural products. The biodiversity associated with organic farming is greater than that associated with conventional farming, and these results have been confirmed by several studies, triggering the present research on the benefits of innocuous aquaculture over those of conventional aquaculture farming. The purpose of this study was to compare the growth, aquaculture outlet wastewater and burrowing ability of clams (Corbicula fluminea) cultured by an innocuous aquaculture method and two conventional aquaculture methods. The results indicated that the clams cultured by the innocuous aquaculture method grew faster and were healthier than those cultured by the two conventional methods. The innocuous method, which approaches the organic method, is environmentally friendly and produces more vigorous individuals than those of conventional methods.     

秸秆捡拾粉碎掩埋复式还田机设计与试验

针对黄淮海地区存在玉米秸秆量大、后续播种难度大等问题,设计了一种秸秆捡拾粉碎掩埋复式还田机,能一次完成秸秆捡拾、粉碎、输送和开沟掩埋等作业。应用典型弹齿滚筒式捡拾装置工作原理,通过弹齿捡拾秸秆过程的分析,确定了弹齿滚筒式捡拾装置的导轨中心线轨迹和捡拾相位,并对弹齿进行了基于实际作业情况的运动学分析,其运动轨迹与速度变化规律能够满足捡拾秸秆的需求。采用动定刀支撑切割方式粉碎秸秆,并利用粉碎腔体内的高速气流和置于腔体后侧的挡草板,实现秸秆掩埋还田比例调节和部分秸秆抛撒还田。开沟装置、秸秆输送导向装置出草口和圆盘覆土装置从前向后依次布置,顺序完成开沟、秸秆入沟和覆土掩埋工序。田间试验表明,当作业速度为3 km/h时,秸秆捡拾率为93.5%,粉碎长度合格率为92.6%,开沟深度稳定性系数为95.0%,秸秆入沟率与预先设定的掩埋比例基本一致,各项技术指标满足技术要求。