台湾农业政策发展历程对福州农业发展的启示

通过对台湾农业发展政策的分析 ,结合福州农业发展现状 ,提出加快福州农业发展的建议     

建立健全闽台农业合作机制,推进海峡西岸经济区建设

闽台农业在资金、技术、市场、人力资源、自然资源、区域空间等方面具有很强的互补性.建立健全闽台农业合作机制,加强闽台农业合作沟通协商、产业及产品产销对接、人力资源和技术交流,有效化解风险,形成闽台全面农业合作体系,有利于实现闽台农业合作双赢,为海峡西岸经济区建设打下坚实基础.     

Estimate of reproductive value of the big eye Priacanthus macracanthus in the north-eastern waters off Taiwan

ABSTRACT: The reproductive value and population status of the big eye in the north-eastern Taiwan waters was estimated by demographic analysis using available life-history parameters. Life-history tables were constructed using estimates of natural mortality ( M ) of 10.4920/year for age 0 and 0.3256/year for ages 1–9, with a maximum age of 9. Age-specific batch fecundity ( F_e ) was from F_e  = 1391.34e^{0.1782 FL} . The age-specific proportion of maturity was estimated from the relationship between the proportion of female maturity ( Pr ) and fork length ( FL ): Pr  = 1/(1 + e^{15.081−0.796 FL} ). Females mature at age 3 and mature females reproduce every year. The population increase rate (λ) was estimated to be 20.5% per year and the generation time ( G ) was 6.25 years without exploitation. The net reproductive value ( R₀ ), generation time and intrinsic rate of natural increase ( r ) decreased with increased fishing mortality. For fixed fishing mortality, when F  = 1.2/year and fishing started at age 3, R₀ was estimated to be 1.0 and the population was considered to be in equilibrium. For age-specific fishing mortality, when fishing started at age 3, R₀ was estimated to be 0.96/year, G being 6.18 years, and the population decreased 0.7% per year. The big eye population had a strong resilience as long as F  < = 1.3/year started at an age that was older than the age at maturity (i.e. 3 years old) but would decline when intensive fishing ( F  > = 1.2/year) started at age 2 or younger. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the mortality of age 0 is the most sensitive parameter in demographic analysis.     

提高闽台合作层次,增强福州农业综合竞争力

本文根据我国农业进入新阶段和我国加入 WTO的新形势 ,分析了榕台农业合作的成效与存在问题 ,以提高福州农业综合竞争力为目标 ,提出榕台农业合作的发展方向、重点以及对策     

A comparably high virulence strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolated in Taiwan

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been endemic in Taiwan since 1991. This study aimed to present a highly virulent PRRSV in Taiwan based on farm data collection and both in vitro and in vivo evaluations in virus challenge studies. This virulent PRRSV strain was first noticed on Farm TSYM due to continuously high nursery mortality rate and severe PRRSV-associated pneumonia. In phylogenetic surveillance, the PRRSV TSYM-strain remained in the predominant position for years, even with several other PRRSV strain invasions. In laboratory challenge trials, the TSYM-strain led to prolonged pyrexia, growth retardation, high mortality rates and high viremia titer that similar to the highly pathogenic PRRSV. The TSYM-strain isolate also triggered early interleukin-10 up-regulation and significantly higher infection rates under in vitro experiments. This study provides information of a comparably virulent strain in Taiwan and its appearance in both farm and laboratory levels.     

赣台畜牧业发展比较研究

通过对江西省对台湾省畜牧业发展的比较研究，结果表明：台湾畜牧业发展技术稳定，在量的增长的同时，力求结构与品质的提高；在较早跨入市场经济的同时，重视资源的合理配置，良好的市场运行机制在台湾畜牧业发展中卢了关键性的作用。     

黄山松球果生命表的研究

１９９２－１９９４年，在浙江省天台县华顶林场北山区铁泉湖黄山松种子园研究了黄山松球果生命表。结果表明，从雌球花开放球果成熟过程中，导致球果死亡的主要因子是松实小卷蛾幼虫的危害。     

Towards an integrative biology research: a case study on adaptive and evolutionary trends of Miscanthus populations in Taiwan

A program of research named Towards an Integrative Biology (TAIB) has recently been promoted by the International Union of Biological Sciences, involving multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research. Studies of Miscanthus plants which emphasized the TAIB theme were undertaken. Miscanthus species are the most widely distributed and dominant species in Taiwan, growing everywhere from the coastal to mountainous areas, and from agricultural to polluted land. Particularly, the grasses grow well in habitats under environmental stresses. Physiological and genetic adaptations are fundamental mechanisms for these grasses' survival in stressful environments. Findings based on field measurements and laboratory analyses were able to elucidate some of the mechanisms of grasses adapted to stressful environments. Adaptive radiation occurred when most niches were open during the postglacial periods. Particularly, population discontinuity of the grasses was found on the Orchid and Green islets of Taiwan. Likewise, Miscanthus sinensis var. glaber and var. formosanus occupied lands from low to middle elevations of Taiwan, while Miscanthus transmorrisonensis appeared in the highlands above 2400 m. Phylogenetically, Miscanthus has evolved into various ecotypes, varieties and species in Taiwan as well as in other parts of Asia. The grass then evolved into Miscanthus floridulus , M. sinensis var. formosanus , Miscanthus flavidus , then to M. transmorrisonensis . Furthermore, the phylogeny of the Miscanthus sinensis complex of Taiwan was reconstructed by cladistic analysis on nucleotide sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (nrDNA ITS) region and atpB - rbc L non-coding spacer of the chloroplast DNA. Rooted at M . floridulus the monophyly of M . sineneis was significantly supported by molecular evidence. The origin of this complex could be dated to the last glacial withdrawal about 20 000 years ago.     

台湾75毛豆病毒病防治技术研究

研究表明,台湾75毛豆病毒病主要由蚜虫传毒而致,其发生与蚜虫的成虫迁飞时间与发生量关系极为密切.若成虫高峰正遇毛豆1、2叶展平期,毛豆上落蚜量大,发生就重.所以早播的重于迟播的,露地栽培重于套播的.防治上应以栽培避蚜为主,药剂防治为辅,才可取得理想效果.