大豆品种产量稳定性研究：Ⅱ.多年份品种产量试验

１９８９－１９９３年以不同熟期不同结荚习性的九个大豆品种为材料，在吉林省公主岭研究了大豆品种籽粒产量稳定性与品种生育期，结荚习性的关系。试验结果表明在供试条件下，即生育期间５－９份降水量为３７０－７４０ｍｍ，有效积温在３０００℃左右时，以中熟，亚有限结荚习性品种为最稳产。在不同气候条件的年份组合的平均表现不，中熟品种的稳产性比早熟品种，中晚熟品种好，但中熟品种中３种结荚习性间的稳产性差异不明显。在     

优质中熟线椒新品种辣丰三号的选育

辣丰三号是以M203-BY(6203)为母本、以M203-HF(8002)为父本配制而成的线椒新品种。该品种中熟,连续坐果能力强,果实细长、羊角形,果长22 cm、粗1.6 cm左右,单果质量22 g左右,果实光亮、顺直,果形整齐美观,青熟果深绿色、红果颜色鲜亮且不变软,辣味较强、口感佳,耐贮运、适应性广、收获期长,产量高,一般667 m2产量4 000 kg以上。     

The use of RAPD technique for the identification and classification of Pisum sativum L. genotypes

Summary The genomic DNAs of 42 Pisum sativum genotypes, representing four wild and cultivated subspecies were used as templates in RAPD reactions. Amplification with eight decamer primers generated 149 polymorphic products. Genetic similarities of RAPD profiles were estimated via a coefficient of Jaccard and then the data were processed by cluster analysis (UPGMA). Each genotype was clearly identified and separated from the others. Our results show that RAPD technology is a rapid, precise and sensitive technique for identification of pea genotypes. However, the phylogenetic relationships within the Pisum sativum, which we tested by bootstrap analysis (Wagner parsimony), must be interpreted with caution.     

河南栽培大豆的RAPD品种鉴定和聚类分析

用CTAB法提取了10个大豆品种总DNA,使用RAPD技术对其进行了品种鉴定和聚类分析。从73条随机引物中筛选出12条扩增出较稳定DNA条带的引物扩增这些品种总DNA,共扩增出67条带,大小0．2-5 kb,每种引物扩增出4-9条带;多态性条带共51条,多态性比例为76．12％。利用SPSS11．0软件所做的统计分析和聚类分析结果表明,10个品种间的相似系数在0．528-0．776之间,平均相似系数为0．641 6;可聚成3类:豫豆24号、周豆11号、周豆 12号、豫豆11号、周豆13号、豫豆6号,可聚为A类;中作98-3和豫豆15号可聚为B类;豫豆26号和豫豆22号聚为 C类。同一类品种间体现了一定的相关性。     

栽培罗汉果遗传多样性的RAPD分析

罗汉果(Siraitiagrosvenorii)是单性、雌雄异株的葫芦科球根多年生植物,是特产于我国南部的重要经济植物。其果实是传统中药,果实中还含有一种低热量的天然甜味剂。我们从罗汉果的主产地广西永福县、临桂县和融安县采集了13份雄株和8个品种的62份雌株栽培罗汉果样品,用21个随机引物对这75份样品进行了RAPD分析。共得到130个位点,其中92个(70.77%)是多态性的。用POPGENE软件统计了主要品种及雄株的多态位点百分率和Shannon信息多样性指数;根据样品间的Dice相似性系数,分别对雌株和雄株做了主成分分析(PCA);用UPGMA法进行了单株聚类分析。结果表明主要栽培品种青皮果、红毛果和爆棚果的遗传多样性很低,它们的品种内样品间相似性系数平均值分别为0.961、0.945和0.966,Shannon信息多样性指数分别为0.0997、0.1014和0.0571,这种遗传多样性很低的现状是由于栽培罗汉果主要采用营养繁殖方法进行繁殖的结果。而茶山果和冬瓜果具有相对较高的遗传多样性,样品间相似性系数平均值分别为0.868和0.857,Shannon信息多样性指数分别为0.1876和0.1855。雄株遗传多样性较高,样品间相似性系数平均值为0.873,Shannon信息多样性指数为0.2135。有必要扩大栽培罗汉果的遗传基础。     

Characterization of isozyme variation in walnut(Juglans regia L.)

Summary Four leaf enzymes malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), peroxidase (PX) and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) of 17 walnut cultivars and two pollen enzymes malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) of 15 walnut cultivars were analysed using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Walnut cultivars of different origin exhibited different numbers of electrophoretic bands and also different relative mobility. Different activity levels and phenotypic groups were detected in studied enzyme systems. Pollen enzymes revealed higher variability than enzymes extracted from the leaves. 15 walnut cultivars were classified into 10 malate dehydrogenase phenotypic groups and 14 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase phenotypic groups based on pollen analyses. 17 cultivars were classified into 9 peroxidase phenotypic groups and 7 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase phenotypic groups based on analyses of leaves. All of the 15 walnut cultivars could be identified and distinguished with electrophoretic analyses of MDH and 6PGD from the pollen while only 10 cultivars were distinguishable with analyses of 6PGD and PRX from the leaves. No variability useful for cultivar identification was observed in MDH and AAT from the leaves.     

Prediction of grain protein in spring malting barley grown in northern Europe

The ability to predict grain protein concentration at harvest (CP) in Swedish malting barley (Hordeum distichum) from observations of soil conditions, sowing day, fertilisation rate, remote sensing at early stem elongation and the temperature sum during grain filling, was tested for two cultivars; Astoria (Secobra, France) and Wikingett (Svalöf-Weibulls, Sweden) in 16 fertilisation trials in southern Sweden, encompassing 3 years (2001–2003). Fertilisation was applied either as a single dose at sowing, or as both a starting application and an application at early stem elongation. The highest total application rate was 160 kg N ha⁻¹ y⁻¹. The soil was analysed for phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium in the layer 0–0.3 m, and mineral N down to 0.6 m. Canopy reflectance observations at BBCH 32 was used to calculate a vegetation index (TCARI(32)) to reflect the canopy (leaf and straw) chlorophyll concentration. Harvested grain CP correlated only marginally with the observed soil variables. It was, however, for a specific cultivar, possible to make a prediction of grain CP based on day of sowing and TCARI(32) with . Part of the sowing day effect might be due to thermal stress during grain filling, as the risk for high temperatures during this phase was higher when sowing was late. This might also explain why the introduction of accumulated temperature during grain filling, into a model already including sowing day and TCARI(32) as independent variables, did not improve the predictability of grain CP.     

小苍兰不同品种花蕾组织培养的差异

本文以16个小苍兰品种的花蕾为材料,外植体在MS添加BA 2mg/L,NAA 0.2mg/L和3％蔗糖的培养基上诱导愈伤组织并形成不定芽。继而转入MS添加BA0.2mg/L,NAA0.02～1.0mg/L和3％蔗糖的培养基上促成不定根的分化并形成完整小植株。结果表明:所有接种材料均能诱导出愈伤组织和形成不定芽。出愈率范围为36.1～86.7％,不定芽分化率为2.3～86.4％。     

利用品种混合控制小麦病害的研究进展

作物多样性在病害防治上的应用包括多系混合、品种混合和物种混合,其中品种混合策略备受重视。对于小麦,品种混合与它的组分净种时的表现相比至少有两方面的优势,即增加籽粒产量的稳定性和减少病害的危害．特别是对减轻锈病和白粉病的危害更为明显。但是,由于病害防治而获得的产量收益比较小．一般平均只有4％-5％。对于小种专化的病原物,小麦混合群体中复杂小种(能侵染两个或两个以上混合组分)的相对频率高于简单小种的情况并不少见,因此有必要实行小组分数目品种混合系统的多样化、增加组分之间的抗性差异或增加混合组分数目。影响品种混合防病效应的因素是今后需要大力研究的问题。