搞好水土保持是防洪减灾的根本途径

搞好水土保持是防洪减灾的根本途径侯廉隅（湖南省溆浦县水土保持站，４１９３００）１９９０年６月１２日至１５日，湖南省溆浦县连续降了三天暴雨，总降雨量３２０ｍｍ。倾盆大雨导致山洪暴发，山崩地塌，洪水象出海蚊龙洗劫了全县１２个乡镇３７０００ｈｍ２耕地，有７...     

我国小流域经济发展的现状、途径和方法

我国小流域经济发展的现状、途径和方法段巧甫（北京水利部水土保持司，１００７６１）ＰｒｏｍｏｔｅＨａｒｎｅｓｓｍｅｎｔａｎｄＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＤｅｓｅｒｔａｎｄＤｅｓｅｒｔｉｆｉｅｄＦｉｅｌｄｉｎＤｏｉｎｇｓｏｉｌａｎｄＷａｔｅｒＣｏｎｓｅｒｖ...     

Cytochrome P450 1 enzyme inhibition and anticancer potential of chromene amides from Amyris plumieri

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme inhibitory properties of six chromenylated amide compounds (CAs) from Amyris plumieri are described. Inhibition of CYP microsomes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and CYP2C19) was monitored using a fluorescent assay. Potent inhibition was found against CYP1A1 with IC₅₀ and K_i for CA1 (acetamide), being the lowest at 1.547 ± 1.0 μM and 0.37 μM respectively, displaying non-competitive kinetics. The selectivity for CYP1A1 was increased in CA3 (butanamide), which also exhibited cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells, MCF7 with an IC₅₀ of 47.46 ± 1.62 μM. Structure-activity relationship studies provide insight at a molecular level for CAs with implications in chemoprevention and chemotherapy.     

青海小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基遗传规律探讨

用十二烷基硫酸钠—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS—PAGE)对16个不同杂交组合F1代的HMW-GS进行分析,结果表明:F1的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组合是双亲亚基的重新组合,且表现出很强的倾母性;F1的品质得分是双亲共同作用的结果,且母本的贡献更大。     

[A环-U-~(14)C]丙酯草醚在土壤中的吸附与解吸特性研究

丙酯草醚(ZJ0273)是我国拥有自主知识产权的新型高效油菜田除草剂。本文以[A环-U-14C]丙酯草醚为示踪剂,在实验室模拟条件下,采用液体闪烁测量技术对其在7种土壤中的吸附和解吸特性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)丙酯草醚在7种土壤中的吸附等温线均能极显著符合Freundlich、Langmuir和线性模型,相对而言,前两种模型的相关系数R2(0.9883~0.9998)明显高于线性模型(R2=0.9173~0.9593);(2)丙酯草醚在7种土壤中的解吸等温线能被Freundlich模型和线性模型很好地描述;(3)丙酯草醚极易被土壤吸附,不同类型的土壤对其吸附的差异较大,吸附常数KF与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关,与之对应的解吸率极低。丙酯草醚吸附解吸过程存在明显的滞后现象,应科学合理地在有机质丰富的土壤中使用。     

苯并芘[a]不同污染方式对黄褐土微生物区系的影响

为研究苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)在土壤中逐步累积后对土壤微生物区系的影响,试验采用低剂量叠加的方式模拟B[a]P在黄褐土中的累积过程,研究B[a]P不同污染方式对土壤B[a]P含量和微生物可培养种群数量的影响。结果表明:在B[a]P累积和一次污染方式下,土壤B[a]P可提取态和有效含量随培养时间的延长而降低,培养前期(1~28 d)下降速率较快,后期(28~56 d)下降速率减缓。B[a]P累积污染在整个培养期内显著地增加了土壤可培养细菌的数量,降低了真菌和放线菌的数量;一次污染在初期降低了可培养细菌和放线菌的数量,增加了真菌的数量。B[a]P累积污染对土壤微生物数量的抑制率为放线菌真菌细菌;一次污染对土壤微生物数量的抑制率为放线菌细菌真菌。放线菌对土壤B[a]P污染最为敏感,且与土壤B[a]P含量的相关性高于细菌和真菌,可作为多环芳烃类污染物污染土壤的生物学指标。累积污染以低剂量叠加方式研究了土壤微生物区系对B[a]P污染的响应,反映了B[a]P在实际土壤中的环境风险。     

稻瘟病菌生理小种监测及应用

 1994～1996年对来自四川省主栽品种冈优22、汕优多1等品种上的稻瘟病菌492个有效单孢菌株测定,结果表明,病菌生理小种由7群43个小种组成,以ZB群为优势种群,出现频率为74.59%.年度间及水稻不同生育期小种组成有差异,四川省主栽品种冈优22等的致病菌系出现频率呈上升趋势.     

The Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of 2-Substituted 1-Azol-1-ylmethyl-6-arylidenecyclohexanols

A number of substituted 2,2-dimethyl-6-arylidene-1-triazol-1-ylmethylcyclohexanols and 2,2-dimethyl-6-arylidene-1-imidazol-1-ylmethylcyclohexanols were prepared from 2-methylcyclohexanone in four steps: Claisen–Schmidt condensation with substituted benzaldehydes, methylation of the resulting 2-methyl-6-benzylidenecyclohexanones, conversion to the oxiranes by interaction with dimethylsulfonium methylide and reaction of the oxiranes with triazole or imidazole. The compounds obtained were tested for antifungal activity against five phytopathogenic fungi of different taxonomic classes. EC₅₀ values were determined for all compounds. Structure–activity relationships are discussed in broad terms. Some of triazolymethyl-substituted cyclohexanols obtained are more active than triadimenol. © 1997 SCI.     

The Chemistry of Benzothiadiazole Plant Activators

Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) is an inducible resistance mechanism in plants that, together with other defence mechanisms, provides broad-spectrum and long-lasting disease control. With novel screening techniques the benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazole-7-carboxylic acid derivatives have been identified as a new class of chemicals which stimulate the plant's own defence mechanisms. The synthesis and biological activities of various benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazoles and related structures are described. S-Methyl benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazole-7-carbothioate is the first synthetic chemical ‘plant activator’ that has been developed for this novel disease control concept. © 1997 SCI     

A new type of plant activator: thieno[2,3-d][1,2,3]thiadiazole-6-carboxylic acid derivatives

A short and efficient synthesis of a series of the title compounds is presented starting with methylenebutanedioic acid and thioacetic acid. Using the Hurd–Mori reaction in the key step, the optimised reaction sequence allows the large-scale preparation of this new type of plant activator in a few steps with a high overall yield. Additional functionalisation of the 5-position via directed ortho-lithiation methodology is also described. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry