兰花新品种‘小凤兰’

‘小凤兰’是以‘大凤’杂交兰为母本,‘企剑白墨’墨兰为父本杂交育成的兰花新品种。株形似‘企剑白墨’,易组织培养快速繁殖和分株繁殖。单枝平均着花9朵,花径7.4 cm,花橙色,有香气。温室栽培1月下旬始花,花期35 ~ 45 d。     

红掌育种方法研究进展

总结了国内外红掌杂交育种、倍性育种、诱变育种和转基因育种的研究进展。提出为进一步推动国内红掌育种工作的开展,加强远缘杂交育种研究、利用分子标记辅助选择提高杂交育种的效率和效果是红掌育种方法研究的重点;突破红掌单倍体诱导技术、弄清主要观赏性状的倍性效应及其机理,是建立综合高效红掌育种技术体系、培育突破性新品种的关键;建立快速高效诱变育种和转基因育种技术体系是红掌育种方法研究的重要方向。     

基于单片段代换系的水稻粒型QTL加性及上位性效应分析

以分子标记辅助选择的手段有目的地进行基因聚合育种,对于加快育种进程具有重要的意义。而基因的加性和上位性效应是决定基因聚合能否成功的关键。本文以16个单片段代换系(SSSL)及15个双片段代换系分析了水稻粒型性状QTL的加性及上位性效应。共检测到9个水稻粒型性状QTL,包括4个粒长QTL、1个粒宽QTL和4个籽粒长宽比QTL,分别位于第2、第3、第4、第7和第10染色体上。此外,还检测出7对双基因互作,其中3对为有显著效应的两座位间互作,1对为两座位均没有显著效应的座位间互作,3对为1个有显著效应的座位与1个没有显著效应的座位间互作。本文结果进一步揭示了同一粒长QTL与不同单片段代换系聚合时会产生不同的互作效应,只有当上位性效应与目标基因的加性效应同向时,才可以达到明显改良粒长的效果。而且,2个长粒或2个短粒QTL聚合很难再产生更长或更短的籽粒。以上结果对于通过分子标记辅助育种手段改良水稻粒型具有重要意义。     

T-DNA插入产生的水稻小粒突变体的遗传分析(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the genetic characteristics of a grain shape mutant and its possible role in genetic improvement of grain yield in rice. [Method] On the basis of the collection of T-DNA tag lines, the progeny of homozygous plants carrying T-DNA insertion were screened for mutants with mutated phenotypes. The genetic analysis of the mutant and test for the linkage between the mutated phenotype and the T-DNA insertion were carried out to determine its genetic characteristics. [Result] In the present study, a grain shape mutant induced by T-DNA insertion in rice was identified, which showed small grain. Genetic analysis of the mutant showed that the two types of phenotype, normal and small grain in the segregating populations derived from the T-DNA heterozygotes, fit the ratio of 3∶1. Test for Basta resistance showed that all the mutants were resistant while the normal plants segregated for resistant and susceptible by the ratio of 2∶1. The results indicated that the mutant phenotype cosegregated with Bar gene. The small grain mutant caused by T-DNA insertion was confirmed by PCR amplification aiming at T-DNA. [Conclusion] The grain shape mutant is useful for isolation of the tagged gene and genetic improvement in rice.     

水稻F1花粉不育基因S-e的初步鉴定

选用分布于水稻12条染色体上74个多态性SSR标记,对E47-1/广陆矮4号的F2分离群体进行偏态分离分析. 结果表明,9个SSR标记的分离显著或极显著地偏离了预期的孟德尔比例(1∶2∶1).其中,7个SSR标记基因型偏向于籼型,2个标记偏向杂合型,没有发现偏向粳型的标记. 通过对第6和第12染色体上4个SSR标记基因型与F2植株花粉育性的初步分析,表明位于第12染色体上SSR标记RM19～RM453区域附近存在1个F1花粉不育基因,定名为S-e.这一结果为分子定位该基因奠定了基础.