内蒙古河套灌区主要粮油作物系数的确定

根据FAO-56作物需水量指南推荐的作物系数计算方法,分别计算内蒙古河套灌区磴口试验站小麦、玉米(覆膜与未覆膜)、油料向日葵3种作物的单、双值作物系数。结果表明,磴口试验站单值作物系数较双值作物系数值计算的ET值偏低,双值作物系数计算的ET值与实测结果更为接近,验证了双值作物系数在河套灌区的适用性。     

不同向日葵品种对黄萎病的抗性*

采用浸根接种法鉴定不同向日葵种质资源对黄萎病的抗性差异。结果表明：40份供试向日葵品种依据抗性划分标准共分为3类,其中中抗品种有5份如：‘118’、‘新葵杂5号’等;低抗品种有8份如‘767’、‘KJ003’等;其余27份供试材料均呈现感病;没有鉴定出免疫和高抗的向日葵品种。     

不同施肥配比对宁夏盐碱土壤油用向日葵产量的影响

研究了不同施肥配比对宁夏盐碱土壤向日葵产量的影响,建立了一元二次肥料效应函数方程.结果表明:对碱化土壤施氮量达到10.56 kg/667m2时,产量达到最大值183.2 kg/667m2;当施磷量达到5.71 kg/667m2时,产量达到最大值156.9 kg/667m2;最高产量施肥配方氮磷钾配比为10.56∶5.7...     

向日葵菌核病菌的生长发育和侵染循环

向日葵菌核病菌的萌发和子囊盘形成的最适温度是10~25℃,最适土壤相对湿度80%~90%,良好的通气条件。菌核的萌发不需要光,但子囊盘的形成需要一定的散射光。菌核在最适宜的条件下的萌发,子囊盘柄的长度最长不超过8 cm。因此,秋季深翻灭茬,可有效防止第二年菌核病的发生。     

油用向日葵新葵19号恢复系654R的选育及利用

[目的]研究油用向日葵恢复系的选育方法。[方法]在现有技术中向日葵恢复系的选择过程比较漫长且结果不明确的情况下,为了改变从杂种一代F1以后连续自交的作法,在早代就开始进行测定其配合力,有目的的选择,方向比较明确,提高选择效率,创造新的优异资源。[结果]选育出油用向日葵新葵19号恢复系654R,该恢复系植株性状好、抗病性好、抗逆性强、配合力高、杂种优势强。[结论]该研究提供了一种油用向日葵恢复系新的选育方法,并对654R进行利用。     

An Improved Non-destructive Method for Rapid Estimation of Leaf Area in Sunflower Genotypes

Measurement of total leaf area per plant in crop improvement programmes for a variety of purposes is often very tedious and time consuming. In this paper, we offer a rapid and non-destructive method of estimating the total leaf area in sunflower at the time of anthesis. We show that multiplying the leaf area of a specific leaf position from the apex by the total number of leaves per plant yields total leaf area with more than 95 % accuracy. The specific leaf position for any given genotype in sunflower can be arrived at by multiplying the total number of leaves per plant by the factor 0.355 and rounding off to the nearest highest integer. This technique can be used for the rapid estimation of leaf area per plant at anthesis for any given genotype of sunflower.     

Variation in Salinity Tolerance in Sunflower (Helianthus annum L.)

Forty-five accessions of sunflower collected from different countries were screened for salinity tolerance after 2 weeks growth in sand culture salinized with 150 meq l^?1 of NaCl₂+ CaCl₂ (1:1 ratio equivalent wt. basis) in half strength Hoagland's nutrient solution. The results for plant biomass of 45 accessions show that there was considerable variation in salinity tolerance. In a further greenhouse experiment, the salinity tolerance of three tolerant (HO-1, Predovik, Euroflor) and two sensitive (SMH-24, 9UO-985) lines (selected on the basis of their performance in the seedling experiment) was assessed at the adult stage to evaluate the consistency of salinity tolerance at different growth stages. All three salt tolerant accessions produced significantly greater plant biomass, seed yield and seed oil content than the salt sensitive accessions. The tolerant accessions accumulated less Cl^? and more K⁺ in the leaves under saline conditions compared with the salt sensitive accessions. The salt tolerant accessions also maintained relatively high leaf K:Na ratio and K⁺ versus Na⁺ selectivity. Although statistically nonsignificant, all three tolerant accessions had greater soluble carbohydrates, soluble proteins, total free amino acids and proline in the leaves than the sensitive accessions. A field trial conducted in a salt-affected field confirmed the greenhouse results of the selected accessions. This study shows that salinity tolerance of sunflower does not vary with stage of plant cycle, so selection for increased salt tolerance can be carried out at the initial growth stage. Secondly, it is found that there is great variation of salt tolerance in sunflower. Low uptake of Cl^?, high uptake of K⁺, and maintenance of high K:Na ratios and K⁺ versus Na⁺ selectivity in the leaves and possibly the accumulation of organic osmotica such as soluble carbohydrates, soluble proteins, proline and free amino acids seem to be the important components of salt tolerance in sunflower.     

油用型向日葵杂交种白葵杂13选育报告

油用型向日葵新品种白葵杂13是以不育系00801A为母本,恢复系RF008R为父本杂交育成的油用型向日葵杂交种。吉林省区域试验平均产量2 623.50 kg/hm2,比对照品种白葵杂6号增产5.21%。2010年生产试验平均产量2 288.63 kg/hm2,比对照品种白葵杂6号增产11.06%。该品种的特点是高产,高油(子实含油率47.37%),抗病,适应性广。     

浇水频率对向日葵黄萎病严重度和向日葵产量的影响

本试验通过对接种黄萎病的地块进行不同浇水次数的处理来调查分析浇水次数对向日葵黄萎病发生程度及产量的影响.结果表明随着浇水次数的增多,向日葵黄萎病的发病严重度也随之增加,且向日葵的产量呈现降低的趋势.在接种的地块中浇水1次的病情病指由29.0递增到浇水3次51.5;产量则由浇水1次的4690.95kg/公顷降低至浇水3次的3815.55kg/公顷.