基于引文分析的农业科研人员外文文献需求与保障研究

利用引文分析方法对中国农科院科研人员引用外文文献的类型进行了统计分析,并对引用量最大的外文期刊的品种数量、学科、语种、出版机构及保障情况也进行了分析。结果表明：科研人员引用的外文文献以期刊比例最高,其次为图书及会议录;引用外文期刊的数量符合布拉德福定律;引用外文期刊的学科非常广泛,主要以生物科学、农业为主,基础医学等也占有较高的比例;科研人员的外文期刊品种数满足率达90%,NSTL印本保障率为95.5%,网络版全文保障率,本馆与NSTL订购之和为60.1%。     

Use of regression analysis for converting quicktest‐measured lime and fertilizer recommendations into actual values based on longer equilibration times

Abstract

Soil tests should produce data useful for making accurate lime and fertilizer recommendations aimed at optimizing chemical conditions for plant growth or providing available nutrient levels sufficient for maximum yields. In order to attain these objectives, we believe, quicktest‐computed rates have to be made equivalent to actual values through a regression adjustment. Although it may not be most desirable to use this adjustment for each new population of soils, it may be worse to try to use a function derived from one group of soils on a second group not well represented by the first.     

不同季节、不同出栏日龄对樱桃谷鸭蛋氨酸需要量的影响

本研究结合生产实践，采用大群生产试验方法，对标准化饲养的2847栋鸭舍，同源樱桃谷商品肉鸭2925万只，按统一饲养方式和管理程序进行生产试验。试验日粮分为前期（1～19d）、中期（20～29d）和后期（30d～出栏）3个阶段，记录各饲养阶段肉鸭的采食量、增重、死亡率。结果表明：春、夏、秋、冬肉鸭氨基酸需要量的析因模型分别为：春季：METR=0．0050BGW＋0．1818W0．75；夏李：METR：O．0055BGW＋0．1554W0．75；秋季：METR=0．0050BGW＋0．1945W0．75；冬李：METR=0．0038BGW＋0．2651W0．75。春、夏、秋、冬四个季节肉鸭的蛋氨酸维持需要分别为每千克代谢体重0．1818、0．1554、0．1945、0．265lg；肉鸭每增重lg体重需要蛋氨酸为0．005、0．0055、0．005、0．0038g。冬季肉鸭摄入的蛋氨酸用于维持需要的量高于其它季节，以夏季最少，春季与秋季肉鸭用于维持需要的蛋氨酸量相当。而肉鸭冬季用于单位增重所需的蛋氨酸最少，其他季节相近。研究同时表明，不同的出栏日龄肉鸭增重lg所需的蛋氨酸量不同，随着肉鸭出栏日龄的延长，肉鸭每增重1g所需的蛋氨酸的需要量逐渐提高。     

Performance of simple irrigation scheduling calendars based on average weather data for annual ryegrass

Poor irrigation management in pastures can lead to yield and quality reduction as well as loss of income through extra pumping and leaching of nitrate fertiliser. A number of irrigation scheduling techniques of varying levels of sophistication have been developed over the years to address limited irrigation water availability and maximise productivity. Despite this, the adoption of irrigation scheduling tools by farmers remains low. The objective of this study was to assess the use of simple irrigation scheduling calendars based on average weather data to improve irrigation management in ryegrass. The calibrated Soil Water Balance (SWB) model was used to generate simple irrigation calendars and assess effectiveness for different scenarios by mechanistically simulating water dynamics and pasture growth. Scheduling irrigation using the calendars gave similar irrigation applications, water losses and yields compared to a more scientific real-time scheduling (in response to soil water depletion by the crop). While site-specific irrigation scheduling calendars can easily be generated by consultants and irrigators, even simpler monthly estimates of average daily water use can also be useful. Application of calendars by farmers is encouraged to improve water and nutrient use efficiency of irrigated pastures, if real-time irrigation scheduling is not employed.     

盘江黄牛及其杂交牛育肥中干物质、粗蛋白、综合净能需要研究

将３６ 头盘江黄牛及其杂交牛分成１２ 组，采用不同的日粮，进行两期育肥试验，得到不同的增重水平和实际营养物质摄入量。用各组实际采食的干物质（ ＤＭ） 、粗蛋白（ＣＰ） 、综合净能（ＮＥｍｆ） 与我国试行的《肉牛饲养标准》进行比较。结果表明，除干物质与标准相差较多（ － ６ ．３ ％ ） 外，粗蛋白和综合净能与标准相当接近（ 仅相差－ １ ．５ ％ 和２ ．８ ％ ） ，说明盘江黄牛及其杂交牛在育肥中的营养需要基本与标准相符，在配制日粮时，可以参考我国的《肉牛饲养标准》。     

Winter Hardiness, Frost Resistance and Vernalization Requirement of European Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera) Cultivars within the Last 20 Years

Cultivars of European winter oilseed rape cultivated in the second half of the 1970s and in the mid-1990s were screened for their winter hardiness, frost resistance and vernalization requirement. A strong correlation between winter hardiness and frost resistance in both groups of rape has been noticed. Among oilseed rapes cultivated in the late 1970s, low erucic acid and particularly double zero cultivars were less winter hard than high erucic acid cultivars. Double zero cultivars were characterized by lower frost resistance and lower vernalization requirement. A significant correlation between vernalization requirement and both frost resistance and field survival has also been shown. Frost resistance of the 1990s (double zero) cultivars was higher than that of double low cultivars from the late 1970s. Their vernalization requirement was still small and did not correlate with either frost resistance or winter hardiness. It was concluded that reduction in the content of glucosinolates in the 1970s involved decrease in winter hardiness and vernalization requirement of cultivars. During the following 20 years winter hardiness of double low cultivars has been improved, but vernalization requirements have not changed. As a result no correlation between winter hardiness and vernalization requirement in contemporary canola cultivars has been observed.     

基子水分敏感指数的作物水分生态适应性评价

作物与水分的关系受到越来越多的关注.对作物水分生态适应性的科学评价有利于为制定合理的节水灌溉制度、确定适宜的灌水定额、作物布局以及种植结构调整提供依据.评价作物水分生态适应性应体现水分与作物产量的关系,基于这样的考虑.引入作物水分敏感指数(λi)的概念,并将其与作物各生育时期需水量、有效降水量合理地联系起来,计算出作物水分生态适应性度(WEAJ),以此为依据评价了北京地区冬小麦、夏玉米的水分生态适应性.结果表明:冬小麦、夏玉米的水分生态适应度分别为0.374和0.594,夏玉米的水分生态适应性强于冬小麦.评价体系综合反应了作物需水耗水特征、作物生育期内降需水平衡特征及水分与作物产量的关系,方法科学合理,适用于其他地区和作物.     

水稻不同需水关键期适宜灌水下限指标研究

在5 m2有底测坑内研究水稻拔节孕穗期和抽穗开花期70%～90%土壤饱和含水率灌水下限对灌溉制度、渗漏量和产量等的影响。结果表明,不同灌水条件下,灌水次数、灌水模数、灌溉定额发生较大变化,灌水次数在本田期为28～37次,灌溉定额为8 190～9 450 m3/hm2,各处理渗漏量随着灌水量的降低而降低,渗漏量为灌水量的54.22%～64.25%,拔节孕穗期较抽穗开花期需水更敏感,拔节孕穗期应保持湿润状态,抽穗开花期适宜灌水下限为90%。     

基于CROPWAT模型水稻需水量及灌溉制度研究

为研究黑龙江松嫩平原南部地区气候变化对水稻需水量影响及水稻不同灌溉制度,基于黑龙江省庆安县1966～2015年气象、土壤数据和水稻作物参数,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法分析水稻生育期内需水量变化规律,利用CROPWAT模型计算水稻各生育期需水量、有效降雨和灌溉需水量,对不同典型年份水稻需水量和有效降雨作耦合度分析,制定水稻灌溉制度。结果表明,生育期内水稻需水量在气象因素共同作用下以13.68 mm·10年-1速率下降,变化范围为410.8～574.6 mm;该地区特枯水年、枯水年、平水年和丰水年水稻需水量分别为521.0、484.9、451.8、410.8 mm;水稻在拔节和抽穗期需水量较大,两个时期需水量在不同水文年下差异明显;不同水文年下6、7、8月主要需水时期,需水量与有效降雨耦合度均小于1;同一水文年下灌溉定额均为淹水灌溉>"浅、湿"灌溉>干湿交替灌溉>控制灌溉,淹水灌溉灌溉次数最多,干湿交替灌溉模式灌溉次数最少;不同水文年下与淹水灌溉灌溉定额相比水稻"浅、湿"灌溉、干湿交替灌溉和控制灌溉节水效果明显,分别可节水6.3%～13.4%、29.1%～39.4%、30.6%～42.6%。有效降雨量难以满足水稻需水要求,在水稻生育期内应根据不同典型年选择合适灌溉制度灌溉,并在拔节孕穗、抽穗开花两个高耗水时期加强灌溉。