厦门城市森林马尾松宽带更新改造技术研究

厦门城市森林中马尾松劣质林分比例大,采用不同改造方式试验表明:宽带采伐更新改造效果较好,阔叶树种造林成活率高,幼林生长比较快,适宜阳性、强阳性和中性偏阳树种。且宽带更新改造技术较简单,可操作性强,便于推广应用。     

人为干扰对额济纳胡杨林群落组成及更新的影响

额济纳绿洲是我国西北干旱地区的一道强大的生态防线。但由于水资源匮乏和人为干扰影响,绿洲中胡杨林已严重退化。我们认为人为干扰会对胡杨群落的组成和更新造成影响。应用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析(CCA),从人为干扰角度对额济纳不同地区胡杨群落进行了分类和排序。结果表明:人为干扰会影响群落林下物种多样性和根孽幼苗生长情况;林下物种多样性主要受旅游干扰影响,并与总干扰强度的关系遵循"中度干扰假说";根孽幼苗生长情况与放牧干扰呈负相关,当根孽幼苗数多的时候,一定程度上能够抵御外界干扰对其生长状况的影响;适度的人为干扰可以增加物种多样性,但要保证胡杨林的繁殖更新,需要以消除放牧干扰影响为前提。     

Overstory and shrub effects on natural regeneration processes in native Pinus radiata stands

Native Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) stands on the Monterey peninsula have been significantly modified by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. The exclusion of fire and the introduction of pitch canker (caused by Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O’Donnell) created a need for the examination of these changing ecosystems with respect to regeneration, especially as these stands reach mature ages. We established 210 plots on 35 transects distributed throughout five stands in order to describe the current stand structure and quantify the extent and condition of regeneration. The results indicated that Monterey pine seedling establishment varies throughout the peninsula depending on percent canopy cover, duff and litter depth, and percent shrub cover while seedling growth is influenced by percent shrub cover. Canopy cover was also found to inversely influence shrub cover. Our study highlights the importance of understory removal to increase Monterey pine regeneration and seedling growth as canopy cover decreases, especially in areas where coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia Nee) and poison-oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum E. Greene) are abundant.     

粉枝莓的组织培养与植株再生

利用粉枝莓的茎段和幼嫩叶片作为外植体，研究了不同激素水平对诱导产生愈伤组织、芽和根及完成植株再生的影响。试验结果表明：MS 6-BA0.5 NAA0.2培养基对诱导愈伤组织和芽的分化效果最佳，1/2MS IBA0.3对促进生根效果较好，在两步移栽法中，移栽存活率分别为94％和98％。     

人工落叶松采伐迹地更新针叶树种试验

在人工落叶松采伐迹地上更新长白落叶松、樟子松，红松、云杉，与荒山荒地造林相比，长白落叶松增长4．2％，樟子松，红松、云杉增产幅度在35．3％至38．5％之间。     

Effects of pre- and post-planting shading on growth of container Norway spruce seedlings

Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is shade-tolerant and sensitive to high irradiance, summer frosts and winter desiccation, which can impair its reforestation success. In this study, artificial pre- and post-planting shading was examined to determine their effects on post-planting shoot and root growth as well as the vigor of one- and two-year-old Norway spruce seedlings. Three planting experiments were carried out on open nursery fields (Exp. 1, 2) and on a mounded forest clearcut in central Finland (Exp. 3). Before planting, the seedlings were stored over winter either in a freezer or on open fields under snow cover. For two weeks prior to planting, half of the seedlings were placed in the open and the other half under a horizontal shade netting (light transmittance 56 %) (Exp. 1, 2). All seedlings were planted with or without a vertical post-planting shade, which was located on the southern side. Post-planting shading enhanced shoot growth and reduced damage (better visual vigor and needle color and less pine-weevil damage) on Norway spruce seedlings for at least two years after planting (Exp. 2, 3). Those seedlings, that had been stored over winter in the open and kept in shade prior to planting seemed to benefit most from post-planting shading (Exp. 2). However, post-planting shading may give variable results, depending on the seedling quality and weather conditions after planting, and may even reduce shoot growth if no pre-planting shading is used (Exp. 1). Shoot growth may also be improved at the expense of root growth (Exp. 3). The costs of manufacturing and installing post-planting shades may limit their use in practice, for example, to selected regeneration sites where there is high risk of frost damage but where no alternative silvicultural procedure (shelterwood or nurse crop) has been used.     

矮牵牛茎段植株再生体系的建立

将矮牵牛Petunia hybrida Vilm的茎段接种在MS附加不同激素的培养基上进行愈伤组织诱导.结果表明:在MS BA1.0 mol.L-1 NAA1.0 mol.L-1的培养基上可以形成愈伤组织,而且经过继代培养仍可形成愈伤组织;茎段或愈伤组织接种在MS BA1.0 mol.L-1 NAA0.1 mol.L-1的培养基上可以形成不定芽,且诱导率达100%;健壮的高1.5~2.0 cm的不定芽接种在1/2MS IBA0.5 mol.L-1 AC1.0 g.L-1的培养基上,其生长根状况良好,生根率达100%.     

望天树自然更新与保护初探

对西双版纳勐腊自然保护区内的望天树自然更新与保护进行调查,初步得出影响望天树自然更新的自然、人为、树种特性、植被类型等相关因素。提出了加强宣传、禁止在望天树林下种植砂仁、迁地保护、开展社区共管等保护对策。     

抗生素对火炬松的器官发生植株再生的影响(英文)

本文研究了氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素等3种抗生素对火炬松愈伤组织的生长和分化及不定芽生根的影响。结果表明,头孢霉素最有利于愈伤组织的诱导和生长,羧苄青霉素最有利于芽的分化,氨苄青霉素降低了不定芽的生根频率。所有试验的3种抗生素提高愈伤组织的形成和芽再生,但降低了芽的生根频率。这些结果表明,选择合适的抗生素对优化火炬松遗传转化体系有重要作用。图3表4参25。