典型塑料生产加工地块土壤邻苯二甲酸酯及多环芳烃污染特征和健康风险

为探究塑料生产加工造成的土壤污染,采用气相色谱-质谱联用法分析了南方典型塑料生产加工地块土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)和多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量水平,并开展健康风险评价。结果表明:PAEs化合物中仅邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)被检出,检出率为80.6%,平均值为16.0 mg·kg^-1,最高值为1300 mg·kg^-1,该值是迄今为止我国土壤中检出PAEs化合物的最高值。15种优控PAHs化合物均有不同程度地检出,总检出率为33.1%,检出总量为0~35.4 mg·kg^-1,平均值1.7 mg·kg^-1。以《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 36600—2018)第一类用地筛选值进行评价,DEHP、苯并(a)芘(BaP)和二苯并(a,h)蒽(DahA)超标,超标率分别为1.4%、5.0%和1.4%。DEHP在管材车间超标,与聚氯乙烯管材(PVC)生产和存储有关;BaP和DahA在原料仓库超标,且BaP还在油墨仓库及印刷复合车间超标,与煤和重油作为燃料使用以及油墨释放PAHs化合物有关。3种超标化合物含量和检出率均随土层深度的增加明显降低。健康风险评价显示,DEHP、BaP和DahA的非致癌风险均在可接受范围,但部分样品的DEHP(1.4%)和BaP(2.8%)的致癌风险超过可接受风险水平,主要由经口摄入和皮肤接触造成。研究表明塑料生产加工可导致较为严重的土壤PAEs和PAHs污染。     

增塑剂DOP生产用催化剂研究进展

对增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)生产中所采用的各种催化剂的催化机理及对产品生产工艺、产品质量的影响进行了综述，认为非酸性催化剂在增塑剂生产中生产工艺优化，产品质量好，工艺简单，环境污染小，显示出独特的优越性。     

文冠果种仁壳基改性活性炭吸附邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的研究

[目的]为了解决环境水体中钛酸酯类物质的污染问题。[方法]选择邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)作为目标物质,以经HNO_3氧化改性结合金属离子浸渍改性的文冠果种仁壳基活性炭为吸附剂,考察吸附剂对DMP的吸附效果。[结果]经HNO_3氧化改性后再进行金属离子浸渍改性的文冠果种仁壳基活性炭(记为PAC_(N-Mn)~(2+))可较大幅度地提高其对水体中DMP的吸附去除率,且Mn~(2+)浸渍改性效果较好,其DMP去除率可达88.21%。[结论]PAC_(N-Mn)~(2+)对水体中DMP去除率受溶液pH的影响较大,最佳pH范围在3.04~5.75之间。动力学初步研究发现其吸附过程符合二级动力学模型。     

辣椒DBP/DIBP胁迫及其修复剂优化和机理研究

在研究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)对辣椒生长胁迫效应的基础上, 选择凹土、蜂窝煤渣、腐植酸组成混合修复剂, 采用Box-Behnken试验设计构建回归模型, 优化修复剂配方, 进而探讨了修复机理。结果表明:土壤中DBP/DIBP含量达到20 mg·kg^-1以上时, 对辣椒生长和干物质积累有显着抑制作用;回归模型极显着(P<0.01),可用于分析预测DBP/DIBP的修复效果;修复剂最佳配方为15.91 g·kg^-1凹土+16.40 g·kg^-1蜂窝煤渣+1.67 g·kg^-1腐植酸;施用修复剂后, 土壤酶活性显着增强, 根系的过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显着提高, 丙二醛(MDA)含量显着降低, 根系活跃吸收面积增大, 根系活力增强, 辣椒干重增加20.91%.     

Effects on the Local Immunity in the Testis by Exposure to Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in Mice

Exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been reported to induce spermatogenic disturbance through oxidant stress and affect the immune system as an adjuvant. However, the effect of DEHP on the testicular immune microenvironment has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we examined the testicular immune microenvironment after exposure to doses of DEHP, previously identified as no-observed-adverse-effect levels. Adult male mice were administered food containing 0%, 0.01% or 0.1% DEHP and then testes were analyzed. The results showed that a slight but significant spermatogenic disturbance appeared in the 0.1% DEHP group but not in the 0.01% DEHP group at 8 weeks. It was also demonstrated that lymphocytes and F4/80- and MHC class II- positive cells were significantly increased with the elevation of IL-10 and IFN-γ mRNA expressions in the testes of not only the 0.1% DEHP group but also the 0.01% DEHP group at 8 weeks. Histochemical analyses involving horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a tracer showed that a little blood-borne HRP had infiltrated into the lumen of a few seminiferous tubules beyond the blood-testis-barrier in both the 0.1% and 0.01% DEHP groups at 8 weeks. This indicates that a dose of DEHP that has little effects on spermatogenesis can change the testicular immune microenvironment with functional damage of the blood-testis barrier.     

Effect of diethyl phthalate on rat testicular antioxidant system: A dose-dependent toxicity study

The experiment was designed to study toxic effects of diethyl phthalate (DEP) on testicular lipid peroxidation and testicular antioxidants in male Wistar rats for long-term exposure periods at varying concentrations. Healthy male rats were randomly assigned to five groups of six each. Group I male rats were fed on normal diet and water. Group II male rats were maintained on normal diet mixed with corn oil as oil control. Group III, IV and V rats were given diethyl phthalate (DEP) dissolved in minimal quantity of corn oil mixed with the diet at 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg of the diet/day, respectively, for 150 days. Body weight, testis weights, epididymis weight and the serum testosterone and androstenedione levels showed a significant decrease in the three treated groups. Testicular lipid peroxidation showed a significant dose-dependent increase, while testicular antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly decreased. These results confirm that, continuous administration of DEP at various concentrations on a long-term basis induces increased levels of lipid peroxidation leading to dose-dependent reduction in the testicular antioxidant defense system. Increased free radical production at various doses of DEP would result in impairment of the defense system leading to an enhanced dose-dependent reproductive toxic effect.     

海洋多粘类芽孢杆菌L1-9抗菌活性产物的分离与结构鉴定

 为了从海洋多粘类芽孢杆菌发酵液中分离鉴定抗菌活性产物,以对禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)的生物活性进行跟踪,采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析、薄层层析和HPLC等技术,对海洋多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)L₁-9抗菌活性组分进行分离纯化,采用ESI-MS、¹H NMR、¹³C NMR等波谱分析技术,对活性组分进行结构鉴定。采用牛津杯法测定活性组分的抑菌谱。得到了2种具有强抗菌作用的组分B1和B2;认为组分B1和B2分别为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)。DBP和DEHP对供试的5种病原真菌和细菌具有抑制作用。邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的抑制作用高于邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯。     

3种植物促生长剂对小球藻生长及光合色素的影响

探究不同浓度梯度的新福钠、吲哚丁酸钾和胺鲜酯对小球藻生长性能及代谢的影响.研究结果表明,10mg/L新福钠能够显著促进小球藻生长和光合色素合成,比对照组的细胞密度增加了 16.7％,光合色素合成增加了 15.5％;而20mg/L的新福钠则开始抑制其生长但对光合色素合成无显著影响.20 mg/L吲哚丁酸钾能够显著促进藻细...     

DEP暴露对鲤鱼鳃、肾生化指标及组织结构的影响

为了探讨邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)对鱼类的毒性影响,寻找生物标志物,以水和吐温80为对照,用浓度为0.125(T1)、0.5(T2)、2.0(T3)、8.0(T4)mg·L-1的DEP分别对鲤鱼暴露2 d和20 d,研究DEP对鲤鱼肾脏抗氧化防御系统、肾损伤指标和鳃能量代谢酶的影响,并利用常规组织切片和HE染色技术观察鳃、肾组织的结构变化。结果表明,与水和吐温80组相比,暴露2 d时,各DEP组的抗羟自由基能力,丙二醛(MDA)含量均无显著变化,但抗超氧阴离子自由基能力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPX)活力及T3、T4的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,T1的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力均显著升高,T3、T4的CAT活力却显著降低;各DEP组的肾单胺氧化酶(MAO)活力无显著变化,而鳃腺苷三磷酸酶(ATPase)及T2、T3、T4的鳃乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力,T3、T4的血清肌酐(CRE)含量均显著升高。暴露20 d时,T2、T3的抗超氧阴离子自由基能力,T1的SOD、GSH-PX活力及T2、T3、T4的MDA含量均显著升高,各DEP组CAT活力,T3、T4的抗羟自由基能力,T4的抗超氧阴离子自由基能力及GSH-PX、SOD活力均明显受到抑制;各DEP组鳃ATPase活力无显著变化,但鳃LDH活力及T2、T3、T4的血清CRE含量显著升高,T3、T4的肾MAO活力显著降低;组织学观察表明,此时T4的鳃,T3、T4的肾均发生了组织结构损伤。本研究为科学评价DEP的水环境生态风险、寻找生物标志物提供了科学依据。     

山东寿光设施菜地土壤-农产品邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)污染特征调查

为探究寿光设施菜地PAEs污染分布特征及在农产品中的富集状况,采集了寿光某镇0~8年棚龄共16个大棚的设施菜地土壤和农产品,采用加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱技术(LC-MS/MS),对土壤-农产品(黄瓜)中PAEs含量进行了分析,结果显示:在调查的大棚中,土壤中6种优先控制的PAEs总量(∑PAEs)范围为0.453~1.615 mg·kg~(-1),均值±标准差为1.197±0.361mg·kg~(-1)。以邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸正二丁酯(DBP)为主,其中DEHP占∑PAEs含量的45%~77%,DBP占17%~44%。参照美国优先控制PAEs化合物的控制标准,100%的土壤样品DBP含量超过控制标准,52%的土壤样品DMP含量超过控制标准,表明调查设施菜地土壤已存在一定程度PAEs污染风险。随着种植年限(棚龄)的增长,土壤∑PAEs并非呈现线性增长态势,5年棚龄的大棚土壤∑PAEs含量最高,5年后含量稍许下降,变化比较平稳。∑PAEs与DBP、DEHP、有机质、CEC含量之间存在显著的正相关,与p H之间存在显著的负相关性。调查的农产品(黄瓜)中∑PAEs含量为0.42~1.62 mg·kg~(-1),平均为1.09 mg·kg~(-1),平均富集系数为1.02,以DEHP和DBP为主,两者合计共占PAEs总量的53%~97%。调查的农产品中PAEs含量及各组分含量均低于美国和欧洲的建议摄入标准。