Isolation and use of beneficial microbiota from the digestive tract of lions‐paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus and winged pearl oyster Pteria sterna in oyster aquaculture

We isolated microbiota from the digestive tract of Nodipecten subnodosus and Pteria sterna and determined in vitro their haemolytic activity, antagonism against Vibrio spp., bacterial hydrophobicity, production of extracellular enzymes and molecular identification. Five bacterial strains were selected: RL5 and C3 (Lactobacillus spp.) and PB1‐1, PB1‐5 and PB1‐6 (Bacillus spp.). The RL5 and C3 isolates showed antimicrobial activity against Vibrio spp. and the PB1‐1, PB1‐5 and PB1‐6 isolates showed enzymatic activity for amylase, protease, lipase and cellulose; the C3 and PB1‐5 isolates were highly hydrophobic. The selected strains of bacteria were tested in vivo as probiotics, together with a treatment of ampicillin and a control without bacteria on juvenile Kumamoto oysters Crassostrea sikamea. The strains were provided individually and as mixes of isolates. Survival, growth and biochemical composition of the juveniles were determined as in vivo indicators. Juveniles grew significantly larger and faster when treated with a specific mix of isolates (MIX‐B), compared with the control. The protein, lipid and carbohydrate concentrations were also significantly higher in oysters exposed to probiotic treatments, compared with the control and the antibiotic treatment. The selected microbiota showed probiotic proprieties for cultivating C. sikamea juveniles.     

生食牡蛎HACCP计划的语义建模及可视化应用

为有效保障危害分析及关键控制点(HACCP)计划国家标准的可执行性，以国标中的生食牡蛎加工HACCP计划的语义表达为研究对象，提出生食牡蛎HACCP计划的知识可视化应用模型(HVEM)，对HACPP计划进行结构和数据两方面的语义理解，从动态和静态两个角度进行知识提取，实现活牡蛎接收、干法冷藏、牡蛎肉储存等关键控制点(CCP)、监控以及验证、纠偏的实体、联系知识表达，构建HACCP计划知识体系，结合图数据库实现知识储存、可视化，并给出一个基于HVEM模型的HACCP质量溯源应用测试。结果表明，HACCP计划的知识可视化应用模型能较为系统地实现生食牡蛎HACCP计划的知识理解、知识表达、知识存储和可视化应用。     

北部湾钦州港近江牡蛎重金属污染分析

为近江牡蛎的食用安全及养殖环境监督管理提供科学依据,2015年7—11月在北部湾钦州港采集近江牡蛎样品,利用原子荧光光度计和原子吸收光谱仪测定近江牡蛎体内重金属含量,分析其污染程度。结果显示,调查海域牡蛎体内重金属平均含量从高到低依次为ZnCuCdCrAsPbHg,其中Zn、Cu含量较高,平均值分别为532.03、126.96 mg/kg。Cu参照《无公害食品水产品有毒有害物质限量》(NY 5073-2006),发现除了7月2号站样品未超标,其余样品均超标,超标率达89%。As参照《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762-2012),发现总超标率为11%,仅7月3号站样品存在超标。Pb、Hg含量较低,其平均值分别为0.02、0.009 mg/kg。重金属富集系数揭示近江牡蛎对Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr富集严重。膳食暴露评估方法显示,重金属的膳食摄入量低于联合国粮食和农业组织的食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)推荐的暂定每周摄入量,钦州湾近江牡蛎属于安全食用范围。     

基于生食牡蛎HACCP计划的语义建模研究

为提高水产品加工中的质量安全风险信息化管理水平，以国标中的生食牡蛎HACCP 计划为例，提出了基于生食牡蛎加工HACCP计划的语义基础模型(HACCP semantic base model，HSBM)，用来实现知识的提取、表示、建模和推理。从HACCP计划中获取领域知识，构建生食牡蛎HACCP语义建模架构。在该架构指导下，构建知识表示模型，采用本体建模方法对生食牡蛎加工HACCP语义进行建模，并绘制生食牡蛎HACCP概念-关系结构图。然后，采用语义网规则语言SWRL描述业务逻辑规则，提高知识的自动推理能力。最后，利用HermiT推理机实现知识推理。结果表明，此模型可以较为完整地表述生食牡蛎HACCP计划覆盖的知识，丰富生食牡蛎本体知识库，为HACCP计划的数字化、智能化应用提供技术支持。