Tea Consumption and Antihypertensive Effects

Tea consumption is a major source of flavanoids for a wide large population.Any physiological effects of tea,like antihypertension,could have a significant impact on population health.The effects of tea on blood pressure are less consistent.Results of population studies and long term controlled studies are consistent with a blood pressure-lowering effect of tea.However,some of the short-term intervention trials,mainly in normotensive individuals,have not demonstrated significant blood pressure reduction with tea.The focus of this review is on the mounting evidence from human studies that tea can lower blood pressure.     

一氧化氮对肉鸡肺血管重塑影响的研究进展

肺血管重塑是肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征的重要病理学变化特征,虽然对其形成的机制尚未完全清楚,但众多细胞因子在其形成过程中起重要作用已得到共识。一氧化氮作为一种信号物质,在血管扩张、细胞增殖与凋亡、内皮素分泌与合成以及抗氧化等过程中发挥着重要的调控作用,显示了其在抑制肉鸡肺血管重塑、预防和治疗肺动脉高压发生方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

普洱茶水提物与硝苯地平联用降压效果研究

观察普洱茶水提物对硝苯地平降压效果的影响。采用雄性SHR大鼠50只,按照平均尾动脉压随机分为模型组（M组）、硝苯地平3.1βmg·kg^-1组（1/2临床剂量）(N.L组)、硝苯地平6.2βmg·kg^-1组（临床剂量）（N.H组）、硝苯地平3.1βmg·kg^-1+普洱茶水提物0.5βg·kg^-1组（N.L+D.L组）、硝苯地平3.1βmg/kg+普洱茶水提物1.0βg·kg^-1组（N.L+D.H组）,每组10只,另设10只动物作为正常对照组（C组）。分组次日灌胃给予相应药物,每天2次,上午给予硝苯地平,下午给予普洱茶水提物,灌胃间隔3~4βh,每周对各组动物血压进行检测,持续4周。结果表明,大鼠给药4周后,硝苯地平6.2βmg·kg^-1组大鼠尾动脉平均血压为(139±6)βmmHg（1βmmHg=0.133βkPa）,与M组的(157±13)βmmHg比较显著降低（P<0.05）;N.L+D.H组大鼠尾动脉平均血压为(136±11)βmmHg,与M组的(157±13)βmmHg比较显著降低（P<0.05）,与硝苯地平6.2βmg·kg^-1组的（139±6）βmmHg相比,降压效果相当（P>0.05）。研究表明,普洱茶水提物配合硝苯地平使用,可增强硝苯地平对SHR大鼠的降压功效,其降压效果与临床剂量硝苯地平单独使用相当,且对心脏具有一定程度的保护作用。     

普洱茶提取物对自发性高血压大鼠降压研究

采用自发高血压大鼠（SHR）进行普洱茶提取物降压功效的研究。给予普洱茶提取物0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0g/kg灌胃4周,观察动物的血压、心率、体重变化。结果显示,以普洱茶提取物1.0g/kg和2.0g/kg灌胃4周,对动物的平均动脉压、收缩压和舒张压均有降低作用,与模型组间存在显著差异（P<0.01）。普洱茶提取物0.25g/kg和0.5g/kg组动物血压较模型组没有显著性改变。普洱茶提取物2.0g/kg可提高动物的心率,有抑制其体重增长的趋势;其他剂量组动物的心率及体重增长均无显著变化。研究表明,普洱茶提取物对自发高血压大鼠具有降压作用,且具有剂量依赖性。     

ACQUIRED PORTAL COLLATERAL CIRCULATION IN THE DOG AND CAT

We describe patterns of acquired portal collateral circulation in dogs and in a cat using multidetector row computed tomography angiography. Large portosystemic shunts included left splenogonadal shunts in patients with portal hypertension. Small portal collaterals were termed varices; these collaterals had several patterns and were related either to portal vein or cranial vena cava obstruction. Varices were systematized on the basis of the venous drainage pathways and their anatomic location, namely left gastric vein varix, esophageal and paraesophageal varices, gastroesophageal and gastrophrenic varices, gallbladder and choledocal varices, omental varices, duodenal varices, colic varices, and abdominal wall varices. As reported in humans and in experimental dog models, esophageal and paraesophageal varices may result from portal hypertension that generates reversal of flow, which diverts venous blood in a cranial direction through the left gastric vein to the venous plexus of the esophagus. Blood enters the central venous system through the cranial vena cava. Obstructions of the cranial vena cava can lead to esophageal and paraesophageal varices formation as well. In this instance, they drain into the azygos vein, the caudal vena cava, or into the portal system, depending on the site of the obstruction. Gallbladder and choledocal varices, omental varices, duodenal varices, phrenico-abdominal varices, colic varices, abdominal wall varices drain into the caudal vena cava and result from portal hypertension. Imaging plays a pivotal role in determining the origin, course, and termination of these vessels, and the underlying causes of these collaterals as well. Knowledge about these collateral vessels is important before interventional procedures, endosurgery or conventional surgery are performed, so as to avoid uncontrollable bleeding if they are inadvertently disrupted.     

早期限饲对低温所致肉鸡肺血管重构的影响

应用低温环境诱发肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征(PHS),观察早期限饲对PHS的防治效果及对肺小动脉显微形态学的影响。试验Ⅰ:限饲处理组肉鸡分别于7~14日龄或7~21日龄每天给料8h,对照组肉鸡全程自由采食。试验Ⅱ:限饲组肉鸡于7~14日龄分别给予自由采食对照组肉鸡前一天饲料消耗量的60%或80%。连续采样测定肺小动脉平均中膜厚度(mMTPA)、肺小动脉相对中膜面积(WA/TA)和肺厚壁末梢血管百分比(TWPV%)。结果显示,早期限饲显著降低了PHS发病率;低温显著升高了肉鸡WA/TA、mMTPA和TWPV%,而早期限饲处理则显著降低了WA/TA、mMTPA和TWPV%。提示:早期限饲能够有效防治肉鸡PHS,而抑制以肺小动脉管壁肥厚和肺血管肌型化为特征的血管重构可能是其重要机制之一。     

缬沙坦联用吲达帕胺缓释片对2型糖尿病伴高血压左心室肥厚及舒张功能的影响

目的观察缬沙坦联用吲达帕胺缓释片对2型糖尿病伴高血压左心室肥厚及舒张功能的影响。方法2型糖尿病伴高血压左心室肥厚及舒张功能不全患者120例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各60例。对照组服用缬沙坦80mg,每日1次;观察组服用缬沙坦80mg及吲达帕胺缓释片1.5mg,每日1次。所有病例观察20周,主要观察药物降压疗效、对左心室肥厚及左心室舒张功能的影响。结果缬沙坦和吲达帕胺缓释片联用比单用缬沙坦的降压效果更好。疗程结束后,观察组的舒张末期室间隔厚度及舒张末期左心室后壁厚度的改善程度明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论缬沙坦与吲达帕胺缓释片联用能有效的降低2型糖尿病伴高血压左心室肥厚及舒张功能不全患者的血压、逆转左心室肥厚及改善左心室的舒张功能。     

γ-氨基丁酸茶成分对大鼠血管紧张素I转换酶(ACE)活性的影响

为探明γ-氨基丁酸茶降血压机理,采用离体培养和活体实验法研究γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和其他茶成分对血管紧张素I转换酶(ACE)活性的影响。离体培养实验结果表明,GABA、丙氨酸、茶氨酸和γ-羟基丁酸对大鼠ACE活性有明显抑制作用,其中GABA抑制能力最强。当GABA浓度为1 mmol时,ACE活性被抑制50%;当GABA浓度为30 mmol时,ACE活性被完全抑制。活体实验结果也证实,喂食3% GABA能明显抑制食盐负荷大鼠ACE活性的升高。表明GABA对ACE活性的抑制是γ-氨基丁酸茶降血压的主要机理之