光皮树不同无性系开花期光合生理特性日变化规律研究

为研究光皮树不同无性系光合特性的日变化规律,利用LI－6400光合测定系统对开花期的不同光皮树无性系的光合生理特性日变化进行了研究。结果表明：(1)G-2、G-3、G-8、G-9的Pn日变化为“双峰”曲线,G-5、G-6、G-7、G-10、G-11、G-13、G-14、G-15的Pn日变化为“单峰”曲线。12个无性系的Pn日均值可分为3类,第一类为G-6、G-7、G-8,日平均光合速率值最高,第二类为G-2、G-3、G-9、G-10、G-11、G-13、G-14、G-15,日平均光合速率中等,第三类为G-5,日平均光合速率最低。(2) G-5、G-14、G-15为低耗水型无性系,G-13为中等耗水型无性系,G-2、G-3、G-6、G-7、G-8、G-9、G-10、G-11为高耗水型无性系。(3) G-8、G-14、G-15为高水分利用效率型,G-6、G-7、G-11、G-13为中等水分利用效率型,G-2、G-3、G-5、G-9、G-10为低水分利用效率型。水分利用效率具有一定的波动性,G-5、G-6、G-7、G-8、G-15为波动型无性系;G-9、G-10、G-11、G-13、G-14为稳定型无性系;G-2、G-3为超稳定型无性系。     

苹果树水分指标日变化及水分利用效率的研究

本试验实地测量分析了美国8号苹果树水分指标的日变化。结果表明：茎干和叶片的水势早晨较大,中午前后较小,茎水势变化显著滞后于叶水势的变化;茎流量日变化呈“单峰”曲线,最高值出现在午后;蒸腾速率日变化为“双峰”曲线,有明显的“午休”现象;水分利用效率在一天中呈下降趋势,上午下降幅度较大,下午较小;茎流量与水势、蒸腾速率与温度、水分利用效率与光强等不同生理生态指标之间均存在极显著的相关性。     

组培苗蒸腾速率和水分利用率动态检测

利用图像分析方法,根据质量守恒定律获得组培苗的生长信息和蒸腾失水信息.通过Logistic方程、线性方程和非线性双曲线方程拟合组培苗生物量与培养时间、水分损失与培养时间以及组培苗蒸腾失水量与生物量形成的关系,建立组培苗生长预测模型、组培苗蒸腾失水模型与组培苗水分利用率模型,并由此计算出组培苗蒸腾速率和水分利用率.通过测定不同氮素水平、继代次数差异下的茅苍术组培苗蒸腾速率和水分利用率,发现茅苍术组培苗的蒸腾速率和水分利用率随培养时间的增加而减少,继代次数少、培养基中氮素含量高的组培苗,蒸腾作用强.     

枣树蒸腾耗水变化规律

对壶瓶枣单木蒸腾速率、单株耗水量的变化规律以及蒸腾速率与土壤含水量的关系进行了研究.结果表明:枣树蒸腾速率的日变化呈单峰曲线,夜间枣树树干也有微弱的茎流.枣树不同物候期蒸腾速率变化规律不同,萌芽期和落叶期蒸腾速率较小,而果实膨大期最大.枣树平均蒸腾速率在4月最高.枣树日累计蒸腾量曲线呈"S"型,蒸腾日累计量为10.47...     

大豆品种主要光合指标日变化的研究

为了探讨大豆品种光合作用的差异,在田间条件下,选用5个大豆品种,利用LI- Cor 6400光合测定仪对其开花期和结荚期的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度及蒸腾速率的日变化进行了研究,同时比较了不同大豆品种的叶绿素含量.结果表明:开花期,大豆净光合速率和蒸腾速率呈典型双峰曲线变化,在10:00、15:00达到高峰;...     

库布齐沙地三种植物光合、蒸腾特性和水分利用效率研究

采用LI-6400便携式光合系统,对库布齐沙地建群种油蒿以及人工栽培植物塔落岩黄芪和沙打旺的光合作用、蒸腾作用及水分利用效率进行了研究。结果表明,库布齐沙地的油蒿表现出高光合、高蒸腾的特点,其净光合速率和蒸腾速率均大于塔落岩黄芪和沙打旺,但水分利用效率较低;塔落岩黄芪表现出高光合、低蒸腾的特点,水分利用效率较高;沙打旺表现出低光合、低蒸腾的特点,水分利用效率介于油蒿和塔落岩黄芪之间。油蒿与塔落岩黄芪的净光合速率日变化呈明显的双峰曲线,沙打旺只在16∶00出现一个单峰。气孔导度和光合有效辐射作为重要的生理因子和主要环境因子分别影响着三种植物净光合速率和蒸腾速率的变化。     

芦苇生理需水量的测定

芦苇一生中需要消耗大量水分,掌握蒸腾、蒸发全部耗水过程和各时期需水规律,是制定合理灌溉制度的重要依据。根据芦苇各生育阶段的生理需水性,确定合理的灌溉定额,适时灌水。在水源不足的情况下应首先保证芦苇需水高峰用水。     

绿萝的光合特性研究

摘 要：本研究以绿萝为试材,研究了不同天气条件下即晴天和阴天条件下对绿萝净光合速率（Pn）、细胞间隙CO2浓度（Ci）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）的影响。结果表明：绿萝净光合速率全天中晴天的极显著高于阴天的,其中晴天的在上午10：45左右达到全天净光合速率最高峰,在17：15为全天的最低值,而阴天测量的上午净光合速率较低,在10：45为全天最低值,12：45左右为全天最高峰;细胞间隙CO2浓度,晴天的和阴天的变化趋势相同,但自8：15至13：15,阴天的普遍高于晴天测量的,自13：15至17：15则相反,晴天的均高于阴天测量的;气孔导度和蒸腾速率日变化,不同天气条件下也明显不同,晴天测量的气孔导度呈双峰曲线,蒸腾速率呈三峰曲线,而阴天所测的气孔导度和蒸腾速率均未表现峰值变化。     

Factors affecting diurnal stem contraction in young Douglas-fir

Diurnal fluctuation in a tree's stem diameter is a function of daily growth and of the tree's water balance, as water is temporarily stored in the relatively elastic outer cambial and phloem tissues. On a very productive site in southwestern Washington, U.S.A., we used recording dendrometers to monitor stem diameter fluctuations of Douglas-fir at plantation ages 7 and 8 and related the fluctuations to environmental variables measured on-site. Growing-season diurnal stem contraction (DSC) averaged 0.21% of stem diameter, while dormant-season DSC averaged 0.03% of stem diameter. Maximum daily stem diameter generally occurred between 7:00 and 9:00 Pacific Standard Time (PST) and minimum stem diameter occurred between 17:00 and 20:00 PST. Diurnal stem contraction during the growing season was predicted by a model that included vapor pressure deficit and solar radiation (adjusted R² = 0.84). A similar model predicted DSC during the dormant season with an adjusted R² = 0.26. Soil water availability was high, and soil water content was not correlated with DSC. On four of the coldest winter days (mean daytime air temperature <0 °C), large decreases in stem diameter were observed. Recording dendrometers, used for continuous diameter measurements throughout the growing season, have the potential to provide important information not only on tree growth but also on a tree's water balance.     

Responses of transpiration and canopy conductance to partial defoliation of Eucalyptus globulus trees

Partial defoliation has been shown to affect the water relations and transpiration (gas exchange) of plants. Over one growing season, the water relations in response to partial (∼45%) defoliation were examined in four-year-old Eucalyptus globulus trees in southern Australia. Daily maximum transpiration rates (E_max), maximum canopy conductance (GCmax), and diurnal patterns of tree water-use were measured over a period of 215 days using the heat-pulse technique in adjacent control (non-defoliated) and defoliated trees. Sap-flux measurements were used to estimate canopy conductance and soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance (K_P); leaf water potential (Ψ) and climate data were also collected. Following the removal of the upper canopy layer, defoliated trees exhibited compensatory responses in transpiration rate and canopy conductance of the remaining foliage. Defoliated E. globulus had similar predawn but higher midday Ψ_l, transpiration rates (E), canopy conductance (G_C) and K_P compared to the non-defoliated controls, possibly in response to increased water supply per unit leaf area demonstrated by higher midday Ψ_l. Higher E in defoliated E. globulus trees was the result of higher G_C in the morning and early afternoon. This paper also incorporates the cumulative effect of defoliation, in a phenomenological model of maximum canopy conductance of E. globulus. These results contribute to a mechanistic understanding of plant responses to defoliation, in particular the often observed up-regulation of photosynthesis that also occurs in response to defoliation.