高淀粉甘薯新品种徐薯22的优化栽培研究

采用五元二次正交旋转回归组合设计,建立了徐薯22高产栽培的农艺措施模型,5项农艺措施对产量影响的大小顺序是:硫酸钾>尿素>密度>过磷酸钙>栽插期。通过计算机模拟寻优,筛选出产量达4000~4500kg/667m2的农艺措施优化区间:尿素3.505~8.605kg/667m2;过磷酸钙为31.860~39.750 kg/667m2,硫酸钾为23.400~35.900 kg/667m2,密度为3644~4296株/667m2,栽插期为5月13~17日。     

“外引7号”在江西滨湖地区的高产栽培技术

简要介绍了高产、优质常规晚籼稻品种“外引7号”在江西滨湖地区的主要特征特性及高产栽培技术。     

宁夏水稻栽培品种的演变规律及高产育种途径

对宁夏水稻现代高产品种和栽培品种的演变分析结果表明,现代高产品种的特点是以穗粒数为中心的产量构成因素对产量的影响最大(r=0.7079^**)。栽培品种演变过程中,农艺性状变化趋势是穗粒数增加,株高由高秆→矮秆→半矮秆发展。构成水稻栽培品种变化的主要因子是:株型因子、粒数因子、产量因子和高矮因子,其贡献率分别为49.8%、28.75%、9.53%和5.59%。因此,宁夏水稻高产育种的方向是:以提高生物产量为基础,以增加穗粒数为突破口,适当增加株高和保持现有穗数,改善着粒密度和穗型,提高植株的光合能力及成熟性。高产育种的途径是:1.主攻穗粒数,建立良好的株型和合理的群体;2.利用广亲和材料为桥梁亲本,加强籼粳交育种;3.加强亲本选配和后代选择;4.处理好高产与熟期、抗病性、品质之间的关系。     

夏玉米的高产栽培技术

从整地,播种,玉米苗期、穗期、花粒期管理措施,病虫草害防治,以及适时采收方面对夏玉米的高产栽培技术进行了总结。     

杂交粳稻新组合连8优3号特征特性及高产高效栽培制种技术

连8优3号是江苏金万禾农业科技有限公司以自主选育的BT型中粳三系不育系连8A作母本,与自主培育的含部分籼性基因的粳稻恢复系云R3作父本杂交配组育成,该组合2017年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定后,在黄淮稻区种植,表现丰产、优质、抗病、抗倒伏等特点,在高产栽培和高效制种方面具有很大的增产潜力和提升空间。     

夏大豆淮豆4号高产栽培的生理基础

采用混杂设计研究淮豆４号在播期、密度、施肥三因素不同水平下,产量结构,叶面积系数天及干物质积累分配情况,探索出２００ｋｇ／亩以上高产栽培的合理生理指标：叶面积指数分枝期（Ｖ８）２．０～２．１在开花盛期达到提高４．１－５．０,然后缓慢下降,并维持在３．５－４．２之间,干物质积累与分配应是源多库足,分枝２．８－３．５个,单株结英３０个左右,每英粒数从２．２为宜,百粒重２２ｇ以上,相应栽培模式是：６月上     

Contribution of Nitrogen Absorbed during Ripening Period to Grain Filling in a High-Yielding Rice Variety,Takanari

Absract

High-yielding rice varieties require a large accumulation of N in panicles. The objectives of this study were to clarify the change in N allocation during the ripening period (Exp. 1) and to quantify the contribution of N absorbed during the ripening period to panicle N at maturity (Exp. 2) in the high-yielding variety Takanari in comparison with that in Nipponbare as a control. In Exp. 1, ¹⁵N-labeled N (¹⁵N) was applied at heading to investigate the distribution of newly absorbed N as well as the allocation of plant N. In Exp. 2, split ¹⁵N application was performed during the filling period to estimate the above contribution. In Exp. 1, the allocation of plant N and absorbed ¹⁵N to the panicles was larger and that to the leaves was smaller in Takanari than in Nipponbare during the ripening period, although Takanari accumulated more N at maturity. The difference in N allocation suggested that the difference in N demand in panicles would be larger than that in N uptake. In Exp. 2, the varietal difference in the grain filling duration was observed: Nipponbare accumulated little N in the panicles after 28 d after heading (DAH), while Takanari accumulated about a quarter of its panicle N during that time. An estimate showed that in Takanari, 13.5% of the panicle N was derived from N absorbed after 28 DAH. These results suggest that the utilization of newly absorbed N until a later period after heading is important for the achievement of high yields.     

Yielding Performance of “Kita-aoba”, High-yielding Rice Variety for Hokkaido Region,Northern Japan

Abstract

The yielding performance of the first high-yielding rice variety for Hokkaido, Kita-aoba, after application of various amounts of nitrogen (9.0 to 23.7 g m-² in 2008 and 10.5 to 16.5 g m-² in 2010) and under various planting densities (13.2 to 33.2 hills m-² in 2008 and 17.5 to 36.8 hills m-² in 2010) was examined in comparison with that of the common variety, Kirara397. Kita-aoba had higher grain yield than Kirara397 owing to its large sink capacity through larger sink capacity per unit biomass at heading. Kita-aoba had a high yield potential (the maximum grain yield of 1081 g m-²), and achieved a high grain yield even in Hokkaido where the rice-growing season is short. Kita-aoba had a large sink size, but, judging from the relationship between sink capacity and percentage of sink filled, further increase of sink size might not result in increase of grain yield. Kita-aoba showed a great increase in shoot dry matter from heading to maturity, but it was not enough to fill its large sink.     

小麦新品种云麦68丰产稳产性及产量构成因素的分析

[目的]为了解小麦（TriticumaestivumL．）新品种云麦68的丰产、稳产、适应性及产量构成因素与产量的相关性。[方法]对云麦68的2009—2011年度云南省区域试验数据进行统计分析。[结果]云麦68具有较突出的丰产性,稳产性好,适应性广,是适合云南省大面积种植的小麦新品种,有良好的应用前景。相关分析结果表明,有效穗与产量呈显著正相关,穗粒数、千粒重均与产量相关不显著。通径分析结果表明,有效穗对产量的直接作用最大,其次是千粒重,穗粒数的作用最小。增加有效穗,提高千粒重是其高产的关键。[结论]该研究可为云麦68在生产上进一步推广应用提供科学依据。     

早籼金早09直播高产群体经济性状与产量分析

通过2009～2012年的多年多点金早09直播稻示范方的建立,金早09的高产潜力以及适应不利气候环境的能力得到了充分体现,通过相关和通径分析表明:有效穗对金早09直播稻的产量贡献最大,穗实粒数次之。线性回归分析表明:金早09直播稻产量达7500 kg/hm2以上,有效穗、穗实粒数2个性状在95%的置信区间分别为(349.82±8.36)万/hm2、(101.32±3.17)粒,这将为金早09直播稻高产群体结构的搭建提供有力依据。