盐分胁迫下喷施γ-氨基丁酸对水稻秧苗生长的影响

为探究喷施γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）对不同程度盐分胁迫下水稻秧苗生长的影响，以天津主栽粳稻品种天隆优619为研究对象，在秧苗采用穴盘培育到3叶1心时，分别用0、25、50、75、100 mmol/L NaCl溶液水培，并设置叶面喷施4 mmol/L GABA处理，以叶面喷水作为对照组，调查水稻的生长指标和3种抗氧化酶活性。结果表明，随着盐分胁迫程度的增加，水稻的株高增量、叶面积呈下降趋势，死叶率、根系干鲜比、叶片POD和SOD酶活性呈上升趋势，根系活力和叶片APX酶活性呈先升后降趋势。在相同盐分胁迫下，与不喷施GABA对照相比，喷施GABA处理表现为：株高增量增加1.7%~32.4%，死叶率降低1.6%~23.3%，根干质量减少9.3%~22.0%，根系活力增加1.2%~94.4%，叶片POD、SOD和APX酶活性分别增加5.0%~20.8%、9.8%~17.3%和7.2~64.4%。可见，叶面喷施4 mmol/L GABA能够提高供试水稻的耐盐性，促进同化物优先向地上部分配。     

食品中产毒真菌核酸检测方法的研究进展

食品中最常见的产毒真菌主要包括黄曲霉、赭曲霉、青霉属和镰刀菌属等，能够对人和动物机体造成不可逆转的伤害甚至死亡。针对产毒真菌检测可在毒素形成早期预测其产毒性能，为前置化干预毒素危害提供技术支撑，概述了近年来应用于食品中产毒真菌检测的常规PCR方法、实时荧光定量PCR方法和DNA指纹图谱方法、DNA条形码方法等，并对未来产毒真菌检测方法的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Effect of antifungal hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-beeswax edible coatings on gray mold development and quality attributes of cold-stored cherry tomato fruit

Edible composite coatings based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), beeswax (BW), and food preservatives with antifungal properties, were evaluated on cherry tomatoes during cold storage. Food preservatives selected from previous research work included sodium propionate (SP), potassium carbonate (PC), ammonium phosphate (APh) and ammonium carbonate (AC). Cherry tomatoes artificially inoculated with Botrytis cinerea were coated and stored up to 15 d at 5 °C followed by 7 d of shelf-life at 20 °C. All antifungal HPMC-BW coatings significantly reduced gray mold development on inoculated and cold-stored cherry tomatoes, the SP-based coating being the most effective. Analytical and sensory fruit quality was also evaluated after cold storage and shelf-life. The AC-based coating was the most effective to control weight loss and maintain the firmness of coated cherry tomatoes. Respiration rate, firmness, color, sensory flavor, off-flavor, and fruit appearance were not adversely affected by the application of the antifungal coatings. Overall, the application of HPMC-BW edible composite coatings containing AC could be a promising treatment to extend the postharvest life of cherry tomatoes. Further studies should focus on the modification of some physical characteristics of the coatings in order to enhance the general performance and provide higher peel gloss.     

不同品种水稻发芽阶段耐盐性对比研究

为了对比不同品种水稻发芽阶段的耐盐性，筛选出耐盐性更强的品种，以0、0.3%、0.5% NaCl处理水稻种子，分析不同程度盐胁迫下9个水稻品种生长指标的差异。结果表明，在水稻发芽阶段，0.3%和0.5% NaCl处理下显著抑制其出芽和生长，其中‘9311’水稻品种变化最小。与无盐处理相比，仅在0.5% NaCl处理下的芽长和根长显著降低，降幅分别为11.9%和11.5%。盐分胁迫对水稻种子发芽率的抑制程度高低顺序为‘G1’>‘银香38’>‘津原U99’>‘软香粳’>‘金稻919’>‘津原77’>‘津原E28’>‘天隆粳2号’>‘9311’。综合分析结果显示，随着盐浓度的升高，水稻的生长发育受到明显抑制，在9个水稻品种中‘9311’的耐盐性最强。     

乡村数字化对中国农业韧性的影响机制——基于耦合协调度和中介效应模型的实证

为探究乡村数字化对农业韧性的影响，利用2011—2020年中国30个省(直辖市、自治区)的面板数据(统计数据未含西藏及港澳台地区，下同),采用熵值法测算了中国农业韧性与乡村数字化发展水平。利用耦合协调度模型、中介效应模型分析了二者的协调程度，探究了乡村数字化对农业韧性的作用机制。结果表明：当前我国农业韧性水平与乡村数字化发展水平及二者的耦合协调程度总体呈上升趋势；乡村数字化可通过缩小城乡收入差距、提升农村人力资本水平促进农业韧性提高；乡村数字化在农业韧性水平低的地区提升效应更加明显。