Activity patterns of free-ranging beef cattle in Norway

The aims of this study were to: 1) build a model to classify cattle activities based on locomotion and neck movement data and 2) study the daily time budget of non-native beef cattle in the boreal forest of southeastern Norway. We used GPS collars programmed to take positions and activity measures every five minutes on 18 cows during the grazing seasons 2015–17, together with behavioural observations in the field. The model classified the collar data into Grazing, Low (resting behaviours) and High (other active behaviours) activity with an accuracy of 79.4%. The cows spent 8.1?±?0.5 (mean?±?SD) hours per day grazing, corresponding to 34%?±?0.5% of their daily time budget. Daily grazing time increased during summer and was longer for lactating than dry cows and at low compared to high stocking density.     

Estimation of GPS positional accuracy under different forest conditions using signal interruption probability

We proposed a signal interruption probability (SIP) value indicating the frequency of global positioning system (GPS) signal interruption or the fragmentation of GPS data, and used it to estimate the success probability of ambiguity resolution in carrier-phase differential GPS (DGPS) as well as the horizontal precision of code-phase DGPS under different forest conditions. In field tests, a rover was set up at four observation points, each representing a different condition within a forest. At each observation point, static surveying was conducted for four periods of 30 min, and data from the first 1, 5, 15, and 30 min from each observation point were extracted for analysis. The position of each point was calculated by baseline analysis using three types of GPS data, i.e., dual-frequency (L1 and L2), single-frequency (L1), and code-phase DGPS data. The results showed that ambiguity resolution was a key factor in determining the horizontal accuracy of carrier-phase DGPS, and that the success probability of ambiguity resolution differed greatly according to forest conditions, which were well explained not by the index of the canopy opening but by the SIP. Furthermore, estimation of the success probability of ambiguity resolution was made based on the SIP and the observation period using a logistic regression model. The horizontal precision of code-phase DGPS was also estimated based on the SIP and the observation period. In conclusion, the SIP was found to be an effective indicator of GPS positional accuracy under different forest conditions.     

车辆GPS网络管理系统总体设计

系统集GPS技术、GIS技术、现代通信技术、计算机网络技术及数据库技术于一体。采用 单区域一体制方案。包括移动站和监控中心两大部分,提出了车辆定位和车辆管理系统的总体结 构设计及总体功能设计     

Kohonen模糊神经网络聚类与数据融合技术在"3S"森林防火中的应用

在简介“3S”系统的基本原理的基础上,进一步介绍了MODIS卫星红外遥感技术对森林防火技术的提升,并对其不足之处提出了Kohonen模糊神经网格聚类技术与“数据融合”技术的改进方法。     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

基于3S技术的草地退化动态监测系统设计

草地科学的基础性研究与“3S”技术相结合,使得宏观管理和监测草地的动态变化成为现实。为解决大中尺度草地、草场管理与退化监测中信息的获取、管理和空间分析、决策等问题,以遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统“3S”为核心,以山丹县草地草场退化现状为应用背景,从系统目标、系统的总体功能和结构,系统实现的软、硬件支撑环境等方面探讨了黑河中上游典型地区草地草场退化动态监测系统的初步设计及其应用,旨在为科学的评价与宏观监测草地草场退化,改善草地生态环境和促进草地生产经营和现代化管理提供决策支持。     

Annual migratory patterns of Far East Greylag Geese (Anser anser rubrirostris) revealed by GPS tracking

Twenty Far East Greylag Geese, Anser anser rubrirostris, were captured and fitted with Global Positioning System/Global System for Mobile Communications (GPS/GSM) loggers to identify breeding and wintering areas, migration routes and stopover sites. Telemetry data for the first time showed linkages between their Yangtze River wintering areas, stopover sites in northeastern China, and breeding/molting grounds in eastern Mongolia and northeast China. 10 of the 20 tagged individuals provided sufficient data. They stopped on migration at the Yellow River Estuary, Beidagang Reservoir and Xar Moron River, confirming these areas as being important stopover sites for this population. The median spring migration duration was 33.7 days (individuals started migrating between 25 February and 16 March and completed migrating from 1 to 9 April) compared to 52.7 days in autumn (26 September–13 October until 4 November–11 December). The median stopover duration was 31.1 and 51.3 days and the median speed of travel was 62.6 and 47.9 km/day for spring and autumn migration, respectively. The significant differences between spring and autumn migration on the migration duration, the stopover duration and the migration speed confirmed that tagged adult Greylag Geese traveled faster in spring than autumn, supporting the hypothesis that they should be more time‐limited during spring migration.     

基于广义3S技术的城市森林资源监测与评价研究

利用静态GPS进行森林基本控制测量,遥感资料进行森林资源样地的规划和设计,全站仪进行调查样地的测绘.全站仪自动测算树木的三维坐标、胸径、任意处直径、树高,采用数学模型计算森林的面积,材积和蓄积.利用数字成图软件CASS绘制树木分布图和森林资源分布图,通过专家系统和相关的GIS软件进行分析,从而实现城市森林资源的实时监测和评价.     

变量悬耕施肥机结构及工作原理

该文介绍了一种适合水田和旱田旋耕作业,应用精准农业原理可与国产拖拉机配套实现旋耕作业的变量旋耕施肥机,该施肥机在GPS导航系统的帮助下可以按照预先设计的处方图在旋耕作业的同时实现变量施肥。机械采用普通的国产外槽轮排肥器作为变量施肥机的肥料计量装置,通过调整外槽轮的转动速度达到调整肥料量的目的。该机作业幅宽为2m,配套动力为50马力以上中型拖拉机。施肥机械在田间的作业原理和基本的结构也进行了详尽的介绍。     

GPS与精准农业

简述了全球定位系统(GPS)的发展过程、工作原理以及精准农业与GPS、遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(G IS)的关系,并重点介绍了GPS在精准农业中的应用。