北疆早熟棉机械采收的发展趋势与品种选择

1 北疆棉花生产的发展 近几年全国棉花面积逐年下滑,根据中国棉花协会数据:2007-2013年,全国棉花种植面积从5.926×106公顷,降至4.548×106公顷.据业内人士分析:我国棉花种植面积在5.33×106公顷以上才是处于安全范围.长江中下游和黄淮海两大棉区由于保证粮食安全的需要,棉花生产规模呈现锐减态势,稳定棉花面积难度很大.     

江苏盱眙 “四驾马车”提升农机“三率”

<正>近年来,盱眙县农机局切实加强农机安全管理,积极探索、勇于实践,逐步形成了具有盱眙特色的"四驾马车"农机化安全发展体系,有效提升了全县农机"三率"水平。"四驾马车"之一:开展免费检验,提高农机检验率。盱眙县积极做好纯农用机免费检验和无挂车手扶拖拉机"三同时"备案管理登记工作,目前,该县已检验农业机械11771台,使农机"检验率"已达90%。     

Effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on Rumen Dry Matter Digestibility,Fermentation Parameters and Metabolites of Dairy Cows北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on rumen dry matter digestibility, fermentation parameters and metabolites of dairy cows. Experiment 1: six dairy cows with permanent fistula and had the similar parity (2 to 3 fetuses), body weight [(662 ±57) kg], lactation days [(160 ± 22) d] and milk yield [(36.1 ±3.8) kg / d], were randomly divided into 3 groups with 2 cows per group. Using 3 ×3 Latin square design, each group was extra fed 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, the trial period was 3 periods, 13 days for each period, including 10 days for the pre-trial period and 3 days for the trial period. At the beginning of the trial period, the rumen dry matter digestibility of cows was measured by nylon bag method. Experiment 2: thirty dairy cows with similar parity [(2.5 ±0.3) fetuses], initial body weight [(559.2 ± 7. 4) kg], milk yield [(35. 2 ± 1. 5) kg / d] and lactation days [(99 ± 22) d] were randomly divided into three groups with 10 cows in each group. Cows in the 3 groups were extra fed with 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, respectively. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the trial period was 42 days. The rumen fluid was collected on the last day of the trial period, and the rumen fermentation parameters and metabolites were determined. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, 1) supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h (P <0.05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 36 and 48 h (P <0.05); 2) supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, total volatile fatty acid and microbial protein in the rumen of dairy cows (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen of dairy cows and significantly reduce the rumen acetic acid / propionic acid (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 Bacillus amylolyticus had no effects on rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen content (P >0.05); 3) eleven metabolic pathways related to differential metabolites were detected, and ascorbic acid and alginate metabolism were significantly enriched (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, Bacillus amylolyticus can increase the rumen dry matter digestibility, and improve the rumen fermentation function of dairy cows by affecting the content of rumen metabolites. By comprehensive analysis, supplementary feeding of 5 × 109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus can achieve better effect. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

稳态风沙流沙粒起跳速度概率分布模型北大核心CSCD

颗粒起跳速度概率分布函数是泥沙输运和粉尘释放模型中的重要输入参数。然而,为了可靠描述这种分布函数,需要准确测量近地层风沙流内起跳颗粒的运动轨迹。本文使用高速摄影系统和颗粒轨迹检测算法相结合测量了风洞沙床面附近部分溅射颗粒、没有引起溅射的反弹颗粒以及引起1个溅射的反弹颗粒的轨迹,通过分析三种起跳模式对应的起跳速度概率分布构建稳态风沙流跃移颗粒起跳速度的概率分布模型。结果表明:(1)三种起跳模式的起跳角度和起跳速度均服从Lognormal概率分布。(2)所有起跳颗粒的起跳角度概率分布方程几乎不受起跳模式影响。(3)所有起跳颗粒的起跳速度概率分布方程主要受溅射颗粒数与反弹颗粒数比值的控制,预示着风沙流发育过程或湍流波动将会对起跳速度概率分布函数产生重要影响。因此,我们的研究结果提供了关于近床面风沙跃移过程的新认识,并对模拟风沙输运中的粒-床相互作用和地貌动力学模型具有重要意义。     

青藏铁路植被恢复和“黑土型”退化草地治理的实践与启示

由于高、寒和旱的独特特点,青藏高原生态系统具有特殊的环境敏感性和脆弱性。近年来,工程扰动、放牧等人类活动的加剧对青藏高原生态系统稳定性的影响日渐凸显,集中表现为植被退化、土壤贫瘠化和水土流失加剧等。目前,为了尽可能避免人类活动对生态系统造成的负面影响,遏制生态环境的进一步恶化,已采用了多种方式和手段进行环境保护和植被恢复。本研究以青藏铁路工程植被恢复和"黑土型"退化草地治理两个典型案例为例,总结了青藏高原进行植被恢复的经验,提出了青藏高原植被恢复的基本原则和注意事项,对今后青藏高原工程扰动和草地退化后进行植被恢复具有指导意义。     

近红外光谱检测猪血浆蛋白粉影响因素的探究

近红外光谱检测方法具有快速、准确的优点。为建立猪血浆蛋白粉快速准确的实时检测方法,文章主要探究了样品杯漏光度、样品结块、松紧度、水分等因素对近红外光谱检测猪血浆粉结果的影响。结果显示,样品结块、样品压紧及样品杯漏光会使近红外光谱扫描蛋白值结果降低;水分总体上会影响蛋白含量扫描值,水分降低会导致蛋白含量扫描值偏高。     

整地方式对油松幼林生长影响及水保效益研究初报

对不同整地方式的水土保持作用和油松幼林生长效果的观测研究表明:不同整地的水保能力以窄条梯田最大,其次是水平阶,鱼鳞坑最小,平均每年每平方公里的侵蚀模数分剐为51.8T、53.89T、57.3T、64.6T;径数模数分别为1.69×10~4m~3、1.75×10~4m~3、2.05×10~4m~3、2.54×10~4m~3。油松造林成活率、地径和高生长,以鱼鳞坑为最好,且三种整地方式均比不整地的好。单位面积投工量以窄条梯田最多,分别比水平阶、鱼鳞坑多45%、76%。不同整地方式及荒草地土壤含水量全年平均值差别不大,较荒草地有所提高,但四五月份含水量低于荒草土。     

红松幼苗的年生长周期

目前红松人工林有些生长比较缓慢,或出现再生长、红梢、早期开花结实和分杈等现象,急待解决。所有这些问题无不和红松顶芽的生长、分化有关。当环境发生变化,改变了红松原有的生长节律,至而产生上述一系列问题。因此研究红松树木的年生长周期是解决这些问题的基础工作。就此,我们于1963-1965年做了一些实验,现将资料整理如下。     

泡桐丛枝病发生与叶片蛋白质和氨基酸变化关系的研究

本文分别对楸叶泡桐、兰考泡桐、鄂川泡桐和台湾泡桐的同品种，同方位和同高度的同一病株病叶、病健叶和健康株叶片的蛋白质进行了ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及其水解产物进行了分析研究。结果表明，４种感病泡桐植株的叶片内都出现了一条健康植株叶片内没有的、分子量为１２ＫＤ的蛋白质谱带，并且同一病株病叶内该蛋白量较病健叶的量多。此外，楸叶泡桐和台湾泡桐病株病叶、病健叶和健株叶片蛋同的氨基酸组成也存在着明显差异，随叶     

丝棉木嫁接胶东卫矛在宁夏园林中的应用初探

随着城市园林绿化的迅速发展,一些有潜力的常绿观赏树种亟待发掘,以满足城市植物多样性的要求。丝棉木嫁接胶东卫矛以其观赏价值高,适应性强,有着广阔的园林应用前景。