短轮伐期桉树人工林个体林木特征研究

利用广东高要和广西扶绥两地14个2~10年生桉树林分样地共287株样木,研究短轮伐期桉树人工林个体林木特征指标,并比较现有广西良种桉二元带皮和去皮材积公式估算个体林木材积的准确性,分析不同年龄、林分和径阶林木的出材率。结果表明:带皮和去皮林木的胸高形数为0.504±0.004 2和0.529±0.004 4、实验形数为0.410±0.002 4和0.427±0.002 7、形率为0.657±0.003 4和0.690±0.003 6、高径比为1.22±0.017和1.43±0.019。用广西良种桉二元带皮和去皮材积公式估算单株林木带皮和去皮材积与实际材积高度相关(r>0.99),但估算值普遍偏低,平均分别小3.7%和21.0%;尤以用带皮材积公式估算去皮材积比用去皮材积公式估计要准确,平均只小2.3%。如以6年生以上样地和尾径4 cm以上的去皮林木为实际出材,5个相关样地林分平均出材率为(73.3±4.31)%,最小为54.6%,最大为81.5%。     

杨树生长量与滩地高程关系的研究

根据同一滩地、不同高程杨树林一个轮伐期的定位观测,杨树造林保存率和材积生长量均随滩地高程降低、淹水时间增加而减小。东南湖滩地根据其杨树宜林性分为3类:①高位滩地,适于建速生丰产林基地;②中位滩地,可作一般用材林、防浪林、抑螺林的造林;③低位滩地,一般不宜直接用于杨树造林。     

田间供水与杨树生长关系的研究——Ⅰ.供水处理对杨树生长、树体结构和叶量的影响

在集约栽培的杨树人工林中作了小区灌溉试验,进行了林木生长指标、水分生理指标与供水量关系的研究。结果表明,供水大大促进了林木生长,其树高、胸径和材积的年增长量均随供水量的提高而增加。1983—1986年其树高、胸径、材积分别比对照增加 17.2—24.6％、10.7—22.1％和22.0—42.6％。供水还影响到树体的结构,有利于同化产物向枝条中运输与积累,促进了树干、枝条、叶数与叶面积的增长。     

泰安市旱柳林立木材积表的编制

该文具体地论述了山东泰安市旱柳林立木材积表的编制方法.     

论一元立木材积模型的研建方法

对建立一元立木材积模型的两种常规方法进行了深入分析,提出了以树高—胸径模型为基础的二阶回归估计方法。利用该方法既可以提高模型切合性能,又能有效控制模型的拟合误差,并以西藏自治区的四旁树一元立木材积模型为例进行了说明。     

湖北省南方型杨树标准材积表的编制

根据31块标准地每木调查和树干解析资料,分别采用10个材积方程进行回归拟合,通过相关程度与标准差比较,以及回归方程与回归系数的显著性检验,选出了南方型杨树标准材积表的方程模型:V=0.0000383707D~(1.672)H~(1.247),经检验,据此编制的立木二元材积表基本满足精度要求,可以在生产中加以使用。     

Stand density and growth of Norway spruce (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea abies</Emphasis> (L.) Karst.) and European beech (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagus sylvatica</Emphasis> L.): evidence from long-term experimental plots

On the basis of nine Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and ten European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) thinning experiments in Germany, for which both residual and removed stock had been registered first during 1870, I scrutinize how moderate and heavy thinning from below (B-, C-grade) affects the production of merchantable volume compared with light thinning (A-grade). In relation to A-grade, cumulative merchantable volume (CV) of B- and C-grade amounts in average to 103–107% in juvenile and to 97–102% in mature Norway spruce stands. The corresponding findings for European beech are 101–106% and 94–102%. CV of individual stands varies between 89% and 130% for Norway spruce and 73% and 155% for European beech (CV of A-grade = 100%). These findings are substantiated by the relation between stand density (SDI) and periodic annual increment (PAI). On the B- and C-grade plots of spruce and beech, respectively, SDI was reduced down to 41–91% and 31–83% of the A-grade. When SDI is reduced in young stands, PAI follows a unimodal curve. Norway spruce’s PAI culminates in 109% if SDI is reduced to 59%; European beech’s PAI culminates in 123% when density is reduced to 50%. Whereas Norway spruce’s growth reacts most positively on thinning under poor site conditions and with increment reduction on favourable sites, European beech behaves oppositely. With stand development the culmination point of the unimodal relation moves towards maximum density, so that in older stands PAI follows the increasing pattern, which is the left portion of a unimodal curve. A model is presented which apparently unifies contradictory patterns of stand density–growth reactions by integrating relative stand density, average tree size and site fertility effects, and makes the findings operable for forest management.     

Differences in spectral trajectory with stand volume development between Japanese larch and Japanese oak in Hokkaido,Japan

Our objective was to investigate the differences in the spectral trajectory of the LANDSAT Thematic Mapper with stand volume development between Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) and Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica var. crispula) in the experimental forest of Kyushu University, Hokkaido, Japan. We used nonlinear regression and a categorical variable to investigate the relationship between spectral reflectance factor and stand volume for each forest type. This research showed that the reflectance factor of Japanese larch and Japanese oak reached saturation and that both forest types had different spectral trajectories with stand development. In addition, we found that middle of development stage (stand volume was between 100 and 200 m³/ha) of each forest type had similarity in reflectance factor.     

蚕豆蚜日龄、翅型和寄生对其共生菌胞变化的影响

初生内共生菌与宿主蚜虫的营养代谢密切相关.本文观察了蚕豆蚜Aphis fabae不同翅型的共生菌胞随宿主蚜虫生长发育的变化规律,以及饥饿和混合柄瘤蚜茧蜂Lysiphlebus confusus寄生对共生菌胞的影响.菌胞数量和体积随发育进程和翅型的变化而呈现有规律的变化:随若蚜发育而逐渐增大,然后随胎生蚜产生而逐渐减少;无翅蚜的菌胞数量和体积均显著大于有翅蚜.随饥饿时间的延长,菌胞数量和体积迅速直线下降,而重新取食后又可迅速恢复.蚕豆蚜被混合柄瘤蚜茧蜂寄生后的第3d,菌胞数量显著多于未寄生蚜虫,此后则明显少于未寄生蚜虫,从第4d的119个·头-1降至第6d的46个·头-1.研究结果说明,蚜虫共生菌胞的变化与宿主蚜虫翅型、发育、外源营养以及蚜茧蜂寄生等密切关联.     

近25年来新疆森林的动态变化

新疆森林主要有落叶针叶林、常绿针叶林、落叶阔叶林以及特殊灌木林4种类型,面积约为全疆植被面积的2%,但新疆森林在经济、社会和生态效益等方面却发挥着重要的作用.不同森林类型具有不同的NDVI变化特征,利用GIMMS NDVI数据集首先对新疆植被进行专家分类,然后分析近25年来新疆森林面积、蓄积量和密度的动态变化及其可能原...