数据仓库逻辑建模的初步探讨

针对逻辑建模在数据仓库构建过程中的重要性,介绍了数据仓库创建的基本步骤,并利用实例深入而详细地研究了逻辑模型的设计,分析了几种逻辑模型的特点及其使用场合。     

Application of the relevance vector machine to canal flow prediction in the Sevier River Basin

This work addresses management of water for irrigation in arid regions where significant delays between the time of order and the time of delivery present major difficulties. Motivated by improvements to water management that will be facilitated by an ability to predict water demand, it employs a data-driven approach to developing canal flow prediction models using the relevance vector machine (RVM), a probabilistic kernel-based learning machine. A search is performed across model attributes including input set, kernel scale parameter and model update scheme for models providing superior prediction capability using the RVM. Models are developed for two canals in the Sevier River Basin of southern Utah for prediction horizons of up to 5 days.     

面向加工的轴流式水轮机叶片数字化建模方法研究

对轴流式水轮机叶片的数字化建模方法进行研究。从木模图提供的原始数据出发,结合叶片各组成曲面的型面特点和加工工艺要求,提出了一种用"类似流线"的描述方式来定义叶片的方法,并利用Unigraphics NX(软件构建了叶片空间曲面。叶片表面的光滑性检查和合理性检验结果验证了该方法的可行性,完整的叶片模型为叶片后续的数控加工奠定了基础。     

移动式绿篱修剪机设计

针对绿篱修剪机的发展现状,设计开发了一种小型自走式绿篱修剪机,包括动力系统设计和行走装置设计、修剪装置设计,并且利用三维建模软件建立了移动式绿篱修剪机的三维模型。所设计的移动式绿篱修剪机在所查阅的文献中尚未发现有相同机型的报道,属原创型产品。相比现在小型绿篱修剪机以手持式为主的状况,该绿篱修剪机能够有效降低绿篱修剪的劳动强度,提高修剪质量,有比较广阔的市场前景。     

基于最小二乘法的落叶松木粉粒径数学建模与分析

【目的】建立落叶松木粉粒径与长宽比的数学模型，通过分析数学模型和其二阶导数，揭示木粉长宽比随粒径减小的变化趋势及变化的根本原因，获得最大长宽比对应的粒径，为建立长宽比与力学性能之间的定量关系提供参考。【方法】利用光学显微镜拍摄获得木粉的显微图像，测算获得目标木粉成熟管胞的平均长度、平均宽度以及木粉粒径的大小。通过数字图像处理技术提取单木粉颗粒的矩形度、长宽比：将原始木粉显微图像由 RGB颜色空间转到Lab颜色空间，提取其b分量；对b分量图像用3×3模板进行中值滤波；用K-means算法将去噪后图像聚类为2类，得木粉的二值图像；对二值图像用5×5的结构元素进行先开启后闭合的数学形态学运算；用八连通区域法标记图像中的单木粉颗粒；对标记后图像用目标区域像素点个数统计法计算获得单木粉颗粒的几何面积，用主轴法获得单木粉颗粒的最小外接矩形的长、宽、面积；计算获得单木粉颗粒的长宽比、矩形度数据。采用最小二乘法对木粉粒径与长宽比进行数据拟合，通过分析评判多项式、高斯和傅里叶3种拟合函数后选用高斯方程表达得木粉粒径与木粉长宽比的数学模型，再根据其拟合曲线方程计算得其二阶导数，结合模型的二阶导数和测算得的木粉管胞数据对高斯模型进行分析与讨论。【结果】矩形度不随木粉粒径的减小而变化，均值在0.6～0.8之间。长宽比随粒径减小出现先增大后减小的趋势：木粉粒径在1100～576μm 时，长宽比数值从接近于1开始逐渐增大；木粉粒径为576μm时(与本文目标木粉成熟管胞的平均长度563.82μm接近)，长宽比达到最大数值4.6；木粉粒径在576～30μm时，长宽比逐渐减小；而粒径小于50μm 时(与目标木粉成熟管胞的平均宽度46.498μm接近)，长宽比数值再次趋近于1。【结论】长宽比的变化与管胞破裂密切相关：木粉粒径大于管胞长度时，木粉主要通过纵向断裂使粒径减小；粒径与管胞长度接近时，长宽比较大；粒径小于等于管胞宽度范围内，木粉主要是横向断裂，而长宽比基本不再发生变化且趋近于1。长宽比和冲击强度随粒径减小的变化趋势是一致的，长宽比是影响材料力学性能本质因素之一。     

基于对象建模的农机产品CAPP系统设计与应用

利用对象建模技术,通过抽象与重组形成CAPP系统的一般对象模型,并把对象、关联及操作等映射成数据库表和程序实体,结合农机产品CAPP实例论述了工艺过程卡对象模型的实现流程,分析了选单等的设计重用方法。实践证明,CAPP系统开发过程中,只需开发一个编辑窗口,而非对应每一个数据表开发相应的编辑窗口。当数据表发生结构改变时可通过修改数据窗口来实现。采用这种方法,同一个选单就可以被不同的窗口所共用,使系统的开发效率大大提高,同时系统的结构也非常合理,根据作业机的主体结构相似性,可应用于各类农机制造的工艺设计过程。     

涡轮弯扭叶片的几何造型

现代涡轮叶片是弯曲、扭转、变截面复杂流线型面，一般无法解析表达，为满足叶片型面数控加工要求，针对给定若干叶片截面上型值点的情况，采用节点号参数化双三次Ｂ样条插值曲面对完整弯扭叶片进行三维造型，并提出考察造型型值点网格密度是否满足加工精度要求的判断准则，实际加工证明，此算法简洁，稳定，适合涡轮叶片加工的工程需要。     

Simulation model of within-herd transmission of bovine tuberculosis in Argentine dairy herds

Transmission of bovine tuberculosis was quantified in three dairy herds located in south Santa Fe Province, Argentina. Using estimates of Mycobacterium bovis transmission (β) and a Reed–Frost simulation model, the prevalence of tuberculosis infection in the study herds over time was investigated. The Reed–Frost model was modified by incorporating randomness in both β and the incubation period () of M. bovis. The mean estimated herd β was 2.2 infective contacts per year and did not differ significantly between the study herds. Modeling as Poisson distributed (mean 24 months) best fit the observed prevalences. Infection was predicted by the model either to spread quickly (<10 years) within a herd and reach a high prevalence (>50%), or to persist at a low prevalence (<5–10%). The model was robust, predictions were realistic and the mean β estimated was consistent with previous studies of bovine tuberculosis.     

The use of herders’ accounts to map livestock activities across agropastoral landscapes in Semi-Arid Africa

Improved understandings of the agricultural and range ecologies ofsemi-arid Africa require better information on the spatiotemporal distributionof domestic livestock across agropastoral landscapes. An empirical GIS-basedapproach was developed for estimating distributions of herded livestock acrossthree agropastoral territories (around 100 km² each)over a two-year period. Algorithms developed from regression analyses of herdtracking data (with R²s 0.67) are used to transform a morecomprehensive but incomplete set of data generated from herders accounts oftheir herds grazing itineraries (400 herds following 6500 itineraries). Theresulting characterization registers 40 000 days of livestock activitiesacross694 land units (averaging 70 ha) over the study period. This studydemonstrates that rural producers knowledge of their daily extractionpracticescan be translated to fine-grained characterizations of extraction densitiesacross mixed landscapes. The spatiotemporal distribution of livestock that isrevealed by this approach diverges strongly from that predicted bycommonly-usedpoint-diffusion estimation procedures. Instead, the distribution reflects localpatterns of land use, topography, vegetation, settlements, and water points.Grazing and nongrazing times spent in land units are not spatially correlatedand the seasonality of grazing pressure is spatially variable. Therefore, theecological impacts of livestock grazing are spatially variable at fine scalesand there is a significant potential for livestock-mediated nutrient transfersacross agropastoral landscapes. The georeferenced data produced by thisapproachnot only will help evaluate the impact and sustainability of differentmanagement practices but also provides a strong empirical base for improvedspatial modeling of herded livestock.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Introduction

The realization of strategies for sustainable land use assumes specificresearch concepts from the local to the global scale (micro-, meso- andmacroscale). Therefore, landscape ecological science has to provideinvestigation methods for all these different scales. By combiningtop-down and bottom-up approaches in addition tocoupled GIS-model applications and traditional methods, the investigation oflandscape ecological structures and processes seems to be possible. Thepresented studies show this approach on examples of two study areas in EasternGermany: A watershed of 400 km² and an administrativedistrict of about 4000 km². The scale-specificapplicability of several models and methods were tested for theseinvestigations, and the validation of the calculated results are presented. Animportant outcome of the project should be the prevention of conflicts betweenagriculture, water management and soil, and water and nature conservation;based onrecommendations for land use variants with decreased pollutant loading withinagricultural areas. The scale specific investigations can be considered as abase for establishing sustainable land use.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.