西安市地热水开采现状及其环境问题

通过对西安地区地热井水位、地面沉降和地裂缝活动、地震活动等资料的分析得到：西安市区地面沉降和地裂缝活动与地下热水开采有一定的联系；西安地区地下热水的开采与西安及邻区的地震活动明显相关，造成西安及邻区的地震活动性显著增强，在空间分布上表现为地震由西安城郊向邻近地区的转移。     

预防楼板缝开裂的几项技术措施

本文对如何控制楼板裂缝进行了论述,并提出了几项预防楼板缝开裂的技术措施。     

不同缓苏条件对稻谷爆腰率影响的研究

研究了干燥时间、缓苏温度及缓苏时间对稻谷爆腰率的影响。结果表明,干燥时间越长,干燥后72h爆腰率越高。缓苏可有效地抑制稻谷爆腰率,干燥50min后,40℃、60℃、80℃三种缓苏温度都可有效抑制爆腰率,使爆腰率降低88．6％。干燥90min后,稻谷水分含量为14．5％,40℃缓苏后爆腰率仍迭到了76％,80℃缓苏后爆腰率仅为8％,可见高温缓苏抑制效果更佳。缓苏温度越高,缓苏效果越好,提高缓苏温度可缩短缓苏时间。稻谷干燥时间延长,应相应地提高缓苏温度,增加缓苏时间。     

基于土体裂隙迹线方程和土体扰动模型的气爆松土参数优化

为明晰气爆技术对土壤的深松效果,采用剖面法观测土体裂隙及扰动情况,设计正交试验分析气爆参数对土体裂隙扩展的影响,建立了气爆土体裂隙迹线方程及土体扰动模型,讨论了土体破坏形式对松土效果的影响,结果表明:气爆深度小于25 cm时,土体以张拉破坏为主,气爆起劈力为0.17 MPa,土面易抬升,裂隙中心为气爆中心,裂隙扩展随气压增大而增大,土体扰动系数为50%;气爆深度大于25 cm时,土体以剪切破坏为主,气爆起劈力为0.39 MPa,土面抬升不明显,土体裂隙中心下移,且下移量随气压增大而增大,土体扰动系数大于50%,松土效果优于张拉破坏;气爆深度为30 cm、气爆压力为1 MPa左右较适宜。该研究可为气爆松土参数优化提供参考。     

Magnetic resonance imaging features of canine incomplete humeral condyle ossification

Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle (IOHC) is characterized by an intracondylar fissure located where the intercondylar physis is present in growing dogs. Its radiologic and computed tomographic features have been described but the magnetic resonance (MR) features have not been characterized. Our purpose was to further describe the range of MRappearances of IOHC, to assess the diagnostic capability of MRrelative to radiology, and to determine whether MRis able to identify the disease before a fissure forms. Thirty-eight elbow MRscans and radiographs, when available, were reviewed and divided into three groups. In Group 1 (affected elbows, n = 22), there was an intracondylar defect on MRwith variable appearance; the defect was not visible radiographically in 32% of the elbows. The main difference between Group 2 (nonaffected elbows, n = 6) and Group 3 (contralaterals to IOHC or to condylar fracture, without fissure, n = 10) was the appearance of the humeral condyle in short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences: all elbows in Group 2 had a homogeneous humeral condyle, whereas all but one in Group 3 were heterogeneous. One dog in Group 3 developed a complete condylar fissure 7 months after the first examination, when no evidence of an intracondylar defect had been detected. The MRappearance of IOHC is variable and a heterogeneous humeral condyle in STIR images without a clear defect may warn of the possibility for the subsequent development of a condylar fissure.     

滇东海峰岩溶盆地石漠化坡地土壤机械组成和有机碳的变化特征

[目的] 探讨滇东海峰自然保护区岩溶盆地内小生境裂隙土壤异质性特征，为该区水土流失的治理提供科学支持。[方法] 通过野外取样结合比重计法、团聚体湿筛法等方法，分析海峰石漠化坡地不同小生境裂隙土壤机械组成、水稳性团聚体和有机碳随深度的变化特征。[结果] ①地表小生境和地下裂隙在空间上具有一定的关联，结合小生境类型和裂隙形态初步将采样裂隙分类命名为土面漏斗、石沟裂隙和石坑小生境。②土面漏斗、石沟裂隙和石坑小生境由于裂隙形态、小生境类型以及有无根系等因素导致土壤性质存在异质性。石坑小生境砂粒含量显著高于土面漏斗和石沟裂隙（p<0.05），粉砂粒含量显著低于石沟裂隙，表层有机碳含量显著低于石沟裂隙（p<0.05）；土面漏斗砂粒含量显著高于石沟裂隙，粉砂粒含量显著低于石沟裂隙，表层有机碳含量显著低于石沟裂隙。③土面漏斗、石沟裂隙和石坑小生境的土壤稳定性随土层深度的增加逐渐变差，为土壤的漏失提供便利。深根系植被介入裂隙—土壤系统，改善土壤性质，增强土壤抗侵蚀能力。[结论] 海峰岩溶盆地小生境裂隙土壤性质存在异质性，应加强对小生境的保护和利用，种植深根系植被，改善土壤理化性质，增强土壤抗侵蚀能力。     

喀斯特浅层裂隙土壤垂向渗透性及影响因素

为探究喀斯特浅层裂隙所赋存土壤各土层渗透性特征及影响因素,测定了喀斯特典型的浅层裂隙中赋存土壤0—10,10—20,20—30,30—50,50—70,70—100 cm土层的饱和导水率、机械组成、容重、非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度和有机碳含量等土壤属性。结果表明:(1)喀斯特浅层裂隙中各土壤属性均随着土层深度变化呈现出递增或递减的趋势,其中容重、黏粒含量、毛管孔隙度均随着土层深度而增长,饱和导水率、有机碳、非毛管孔隙度等土壤属性随土层深度的变化规律相反,呈递减趋势。(2)喀斯特浅层裂隙中土壤饱和导水率变异系数高于非喀斯特地区,且随土层深度变化呈波动增长趋势;其随土层深度变深而减小的趋势可用对数函数进行模拟(R^2=0.9462)。(3)通过Pearson相关性分析,裂隙中所赋存土壤的饱和导水率除了与机械组成中黏粒含量、粉粒含量为显著性相关(P<0.05),与砂粒含量相关性不显著以外(P>0.05),与其余各土壤属性均呈极显著性相关(P<0.01),且非毛管孔隙度相关性最高(P=0.898)。浅层裂隙土壤非毛管孔隙是影响其渗透性的主要因子,而裂隙中深层土壤拥有较多善于贮存植物所需水分的毛管孔隙。因此,对于土地资源匮乏的喀斯特地区,充分合理利用裂隙中深层土壤的水分成为今后研究的重点。研究结果可为喀斯特地区水分运移、石漠化治理及植被恢复提供科学依据。     

Influence of Earth Fissure Activity to Physical and Mechanical Properties of Soils

In order to research the influence of the earth fissure’s activity to properties of soil near the earth fissure zone, the existed research conclusions is summarized and some open questions is pointed out. Through soil’s physical and mechanical property tests and scanning electron microscope tests, the variation law of soil’s physical and mechanical properties near the earth fissure and its relationship with soil’s micro-textures characteristics are explained. The results show that earth fissure’s section attribute is variable in different depth and correspondingly the properties and micro-textures of soil near the earth fissure are also changed. Near the surface, the earth fissure is extension fracture; below a certain depth, the micro-textures of earth fissure surface and surrounding soil become more compact, but this influence circle is very limited. Consequently, the physical and mechanical properties of soil also have some changes compared with undisturbed samples, for example, the porosity ratio becomes smaller but the density bigger, and so on. But from macroscopic view, the change of soils’ properties due to earth fissure activity is not very significant which will hardly make influence to engineering project.     

基于计算机视觉的大米裂纹检测研究

针对人工目测的传统方法在进行米粒裂纹检验时存在主观性及随意性较大、效率较低、可重复性较差等缺点，在分析大米裂纹光学特征的基础上，在Visual C++ 6.0环境下开发了一套大米裂纹计算机识别系统，通过图像二值化、区域标记等方法从原始图像中提取单体米粒图像，并对提取出的单体米粒图像进行灰度拉伸变换处理以突出米粒裂纹特征，然后提取单体米粒的行灰度均值变化曲线，并对曲线进行加权滤波处理，提出了一种基于单体裂纹米粒图像行灰度均值变化特征的大米裂纹检测算法。运用该算法对从金优974、菲优600、冈优182、中优205、89-94等5类大米品种中各选取的6 组特殊类样品和5 组随机样品进行裂纹检测。试验结果表明，该系统对特殊类大米样品和随机大米样品裂纹率的判断准确率分别为98.37%和97.88%，为进一步完善大米品质的计算机视觉检测提供了理论和实践基础。