缺磷胁迫下番茄侧根形成与miR164及NAC1表达的关系

为了研究番茄幼苗在缺磷胁迫下根系形态发育与生长素、生长素信号转导途径中的转录因子NAC1,以及调控NAC1 表达的上游miR164之间的关系。试验以5和500 μmol/L磷浓度作为缺磷胁迫和对照,检测了外源生长素NAA（1-naphthalene acetic acid）及生长素抑制剂NPA（N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid）对侧根形成的影响; 同时采用RT-PCR检测了NAC1和miR164在缺磷胁迫下的时序表达。结果表明,缺磷胁迫下侧根大量形成与生长素及其运输密切相关,在侧根迅速形成的24 h内,NAC1的表达在缺磷胁迫下增强; 而其上游的miR164表达降低,从而揭示了缺磷胁迫下侧根形成与miR164调节NAC1表达之间的关系。     

Vegetative propagation of twelve fodder tree species indigenous to the Sahel,West Africa

In the Sahel region, many woody species are used as fodder because of their high nitrogen content, especially during the dry season, in contrast to grasses and crop residues. Unfortunately, this resource is being threatened by regular pruning, increasing livestock browsing and impeding their natural regeneration. Therefore, there is a need to find appropriate regeneration options to sustain fodder production. Thus, a series of vegetative propagation experiments were conducted to identify the most appropriate multiplication methods of some of the species used as fodder. This series included testing the effects of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole butyric acid (IBA) on rooting ability of stem cuttings of 12 species: Afzelia africana, Balanites aegyptiaca, Bauhinia rufescens, Commiphora africana, Faidherbia albida, Ficus gnaphalocarpa, Guiera senegalensis, Kigelia africana, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Pterocarpus lucens, Pterocarpus santalinoides and Terminalia avicennioides. The series also evaluated the impacts of the size (C. africana) and the age (P. erinaceus) of the cuttings on their rooting success. Pterocarpus santalinoides was revealed to be an easy-to-root species, showing a high percentage of rooted cuttings (up to 88±3%), followed by P. erinaceus, P. lucens and B. aegyptiaca (up to 37±4%, 31±5% and 26±6%, respectively), in contrast to A. africana, cuttings of which did not root at all. The application of NAA and IBA enhanced the number of roots and secondary roots per rooted cutting. Large-diameter cuttings (15–20?mm) of deeply planted C. africana gave the highest percentage of rooted cuttings (78.3±4.4%). Tree pruning improved the rooting capacity of cuttings collected from P. erinaceus with one-month resprouts giving the highest percentage of rooted cuttings (50.0±6.7%). These results indicate that P. santalinoides, C. africana, P. erinaceus, P. lucens and B. aegyptiaca are amenable to vegetative propagation as an alternative to sexual propagation.     

矿质养分和激素对根毛生长发育的影响及作用机制

【目的】植物矿质养分和水分的吸收利用赖于根系,根系中根毛的生长发育不仅扩大了根系吸收表面积,促进了矿质养分和水分的吸收还有助于植物根的固定以及与土壤微生物的互作。本文从矿质养分角度(氮、 磷、 钾、 钙、 铁)和激素角度(生长素、 乙烯、 茉莉酸、 独脚金内酯、 油菜素内酯)探讨影响根毛生长发育的因子及作用机理。【主要进展】氮对根毛生长发育的影响与茉莉酸和乙烯有关, 磷与生长素、 乙烯、 独脚金内酯互作调控根毛生长发育;生长素和乙烯以交互作用调控根毛生长发育,茉莉酸、 独角金内酯和油菜素甾醇对根毛生长发育的作用是部分依赖生长素或乙烯途径;植物体内生长素和乙烯等激素的平衡对根毛的生长发育起着重要作用。【建议和展望】基于以上分析,从蛋白激酶及其相关调控基因及转录因子等方面可深入探析矿质养分、 植物激素等对根毛和丛枝菌根生长发育的影响。     

IAA对水稻根毛形成与水通道蛋白基因表达关系的研究

【目的】探讨气培条件下,IAA极性运输对水稻根毛形成及水通道蛋白基因表达的影响。【方法】以超表达OsPIN1a的转基因水稻和野生型水稻为研究材料,当种子根长为0.5-1.0 cm时,分别用不同浓度IAA、IAA和生长素极性运输输出载体抑制剂、IAA和生长素输入载体抑制剂复合处理的琼脂块贴在根尖一侧,黑暗条件下培养12 h后观察根毛生长情况,测定根毛的密度、长度及根毛形成后根尖部分相对含水量,并用激光共聚焦显微镜观察根尖及根毛内的OsPIN1a-GFP亚细胞定位,再通过半定量RT-PCR检测根毛形成前后水通道蛋白基因表达。【结果】（1）在0-5.0 mg·L^-1 IAA浓度范围内,随IAA浓度增加,根毛长度和密度也增加,当浓度超过5.0 mg·L^-1时,根毛长度和密度不再增加,根的生长受到显著抑制,2.5 mg·L^-1 IAA诱导效果最好;（2）只有根尖分生区IAA处理后,才能诱导新的根毛区形成根毛,而其他区域处理后无法诱导根毛形成;（3）根毛形成不受低浓度的生长素极性运输输出载体抑制剂TIBA、NPA和IAA复合处理的影响,高浓度TIBA、NPA和IAA复合处理则显著抑制根毛形成及根的生长;（4）低浓度生长素极性运输输入载体抑制剂CHPAA和IAA复合处理能显著抑制根毛形成和根的生长;（5）IAA不但能诱导根毛形成,也能诱导多种水通道蛋白基因表达,提高根尖相对含水量;（6）根尖及根毛内的OsPIN1a基因的表达和OsPIN1a-GFP含量均受IAA诱导,并在根毛细胞内大量表达。【结论】在气培条件下,根毛形成需要IAA诱导,而IAA诱导根毛形成过程需要生长素极性运输输入和输出载体蛋白的参与,其中输入过程对根毛的形成影响最大。IAA极性运输输入或输出载体蛋白特异性抑制剂处理显著降低根毛形成和根的生长,因此OsPIN1a在根毛形成中起着重要作用,同时根毛水通道蛋白基因表达量增加,提高了根尖相对含水量,减缓了气培条件下水稻根尖的水分胁迫。     

金边黄杨不同生育期内源激素含量差异分析

为了分析和探讨金边黄杨不同生育期顶端分生组织及叶原基内源细胞分裂素(ZRs、DHZRs、iPAs)及内源生长素(IAA)的含量差异,利用植物激素ELISA方法对金边黄杨的顶端分生组织和不同大小茎尖的内源激素进行了测定。结果表明,金边黄杨的顶端分生组织的内源ZRs、DHZRs、iPAs、IAA及CTK/IAA值在不同的生育期均无显著差异;但在相同生育期时,金边黄杨茎尖的内源ZRs、DHZRs、iPAs、IAA及CTK/IAA值会随着保留的叶原基个数的增多而呈下降的趋势。这说明了金边黄杨顶端分生组织内源激素不会随着其生长而改变,并且间接地证明了顶端分生组织周围叶原基的内源激素含量与顶端分生组织不一致,它的存在会影响测定顶端分生组织内源激素含量的准确性。     

水稻矮缩病毒对3种内源激素含量及代谢相关基因转录水平的影响

本文以抗病品种宜香2292(Oryzas ativa L. ssp. indica cv. Yixiang 2292)为材料,采用高效液相色谱技术(HPLC)和Real-time PCR技术研究了水稻矮缩病毒(Rice dwarfvirus,RDV)胁迫下水稻内源赤霉素(GA3)、生长素(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)的动态变化。结果表明,受RDV侵染后,病株体内GA3含量显著低于健株,在显症后的第1d和第10d最为明显,分别较健株低6.28和5.92倍;IAA含量呈现波动变化,但病株体内的IAA含量始终较健株低,在显症后的10d最为明显,比健株低3.58倍;与GA3和IAA相反,病株体内ABA的含量始终高于健株,显症后的第1d和第13d最为明显,分别较健株高2.29和2.84倍。Real-time PCR定量检测了植物内源激素相关基因mRNA的表达,结果显示,GA3代谢相关的氧化还原酶基因表现为下调,而IAA和ABA代谢相关的Cullin-1和P-glycoprotein1基因表现出不同程度的上调。以上结果表明:水稻矮缩病的症状表现可能与病株体内的植物内源激素失调有关。     

啤酒花组培苗生根移栽培养试验研究

摘要：本试验采用第六代啤酒花试管苗为材料,研究了不同浓度生长素、培养基营养元素及碳源葡萄糖浓度对试管苗生根移栽的影响。结果表明IBA浓度为0.05mg/L是生根效果最佳;无根苗在培养基B5(大量)+MS(微量、有机物)中,组织充实,抑制徒长;当培养基中糖浓度为15%,苗木的生根率及移栽成活率最高。     

北美香柏全光喷雾扦插繁殖技术研究

在全光喷雾条件下,研究了基质、蔗糖处理、激素处理和插穗年龄对北美香柏插穗生根的影响。结果表明:以蛭石为基质扦插香柏的生根效果最好。蔗糖处理可以显著提高生根率,浓度为5%的蔗糖处理效果最佳。激素对促进生根也有显著效果,以2000 mg/L ABT2速蘸30 s处理效果最好,生根率达到92.9%。随着插穗年龄的增加,生根率下降,1 a生枝条扦插生根效果最好。     

Quercetin Promotes Auxin Transport in Arabidopsis thaliana

Study on the role of quercentin in polar auxin transportation. Arabidopsis was cultured on medium supplemented with quercetin to observe the growth of hypocotyls, 14C-IAA transport assays were conducted to measure the auxin transport activity. The results showed that Arabidopsis mutant auxl which had been deficient in auxin influx transportion obviously recovered the ability after cultured on the medium with quercetin. The polar auxin transport was promoted by the addition of quercetin. These results indicated that quereetin could promote polar auxin transport in vivo.     

TaIAA15 genes regulate plant architecture in wheat

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important staple crops worldwide. The phytohormone auxin plays critical roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. However, only a few auxin-related genes have been genetically demonstrated to be involved in the control of plant architecture in wheat thus far. In this study, we characterized an auxin-related gene in wheat, TaIAA15, and found that its ectopic expression in rice decreased the plant height and increased the leaf angle. Correlation analysis indicated that TaIAA15-3B was associated with plant height (Ph), spike length (SL) and 1 000-grain weight (TGW) in wheat, and Hap-II of TaIAA15-3B was the most favored allele and selected by modern breeding in China. This study sheds light on the role of auxin signaling on wheat plant architecture as well as yield related traits.