烟夜蛾气味受体OR18基因克隆及组织特异性表达

应用RT-PCR和实时荧光定量PCR技术,从烟夜蛾雄虫触角中克隆气味受体目的基因,分析鉴定了其在烟夜蛾不同组织的特异性表达情况.序列分析结果表明,目的基因为新的烟夜蛾气味受体基因,命名为HassOR18(GenBank登录号:HM750915).该基因阅读框架全长1 197 bp,编码398个氨基酸,推测编码蛋白质的相对分子质量为46.6 kD,等电点为5.82.氨基酸序列比对表明,烟夜蛾气味受体HassOR18与其他夜蛾科昆虫OR18的氨基酸序列一致性均达80％以上.实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,HassOR18仅在雌雄虫触角中和雌虫喙内表达,而且在雄虫触角内的表达量远高于在雌虫触角和喙内的表达量,推测该基因可能参与性信息素的识别.     

人类基本呈味物质对菜粉蝶幼虫的拒食作用

呈味物质是人类经过漫长筛选形成的味感强烈的物质,可能在调控害虫取食行为中发挥重要作用,但传统的二分式定性法难以阐明其对昆虫味觉反应的复杂相互作用。为此,以菜粉蝶为研究对象,采用叶碟法结合正交设计测试了6种人类呈味物质(柠檬酸、蔗糖、奎宁、氯化钠、山椒醇和辣椒素)对菜粉蝶幼虫取食反应的影响。单一呈味物质与对照叶碟的配对测试表明,拒食反应指数较高的呈味物质为柠檬酸(93.89%)、奎宁(90.33%)、山椒醇(83.33%),但正交测试却发现辣椒素、蔗糖、山椒醇影响较大,且奎宁和氯化钠可能相互拮抗。进一步采用对菜粉蝶幼虫取食量影响较大的4种呈味物质进行选择性取食和非选择性取食测定,发现辣椒素效应最大。2种条件下均表现出较强拒食活性的样品组合为蔗糖9μL+山椒醇9μL+辣椒素3μL+柠檬酸12μL。结果表明,特定呈味物质在单剂刺激和混合刺激下的表现存在较大差异,利用多因素试验设计方法优化多元组分的拒食剂,可能有助于解决害虫味觉反应习惯化的问题。     

施氮量对春小麦根系生理活性及籽粒蛋白品质的影响

为给春小麦高产优质栽培氮素管理提供依据,以龙麦26和龙麦33为材料,设置5个氮素水平(45、60、75、90和105 kg·hm-2),在大田条件下分析了施氮量对春小麦根系生理活性和籽粒蛋白品质的影响。结果表明,随施氮量的增加,小麦根系活力、籽粒球蛋白含量呈先升后降趋势,根系硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、籽粒清蛋白和谷蛋白含量呈升高趋势,籽粒醇溶蛋白含量呈下降趋势;适量增施氮肥可使生育后期根系保持较高的生理活性,显著提高籽粒蛋白质含量及蛋白质产量。综合来看,龙麦26和龙麦33均以施纯氮90 kg·hm-2为最佳。     

基于流式细胞术的5种鼠尾草基因组C值测定

[目的]测定5种鼠尾草植物C值,为鼠尾草属的基因组学、细胞生物学和种质资源研究提供参考依据.[方法]以斑花鼠尾草、深蓝鼠尾草、天蓝鼠尾草、耶路撒冷鼠尾草和腺毛鼠尾草的嫩叶为材料,以已知基因组的水稻日本晴为内标,建立适合于鼠尾草基因组的流式细胞术C值测定方法.[结果]经解离液筛选,LB01解离液为鼠尾草属植物的最佳选择,测定5种鼠尾草和对照水稻的变异系数(CV)均小于5.0%;细胞悬浮液在加入碘化丙啶(PI)染色5 min左右即可上机检测.斑花鼠尾草、深蓝鼠尾草、天蓝鼠尾草、耶路撒冷鼠尾草和腺毛鼠尾草的1C值分别为0.555、1.170、1.515、1.031和0.884 pg,存在显著差异(P<0.05).[结论]测定的5种鼠尾草C值可丰富鼠尾草属植物的C值库;基于流式细胞术建立的鼠尾草属植物C值测定方法可为该属其他植物的相关研究提供借鉴.     

原蚕稚蚕颗粒人工饲料育的研究

调查了6个家蚕原种、2个杂交种对颗粒人工饲料的摄食性,重点探讨了4个原种1~2龄颗粒饲料育对其生长发育、产卵性能和叶卵转效率的影响。结果表明,不同蚕品种对颗粒人工饲料的摄食性存在极大差异,从24 h疏毛率来看,杂交种高于原种,日系品种高于中系品种。原蚕稚蚕颗粒人工饲料育的1~3龄发育经过比全龄桑叶育对照显著延长,但5龄期发育加快,差距缩小。小蚕颗粒人工饲料育对原蚕虫蛹生命率无明显影响,全茧量高于全龄桑叶育,但茧层率低于对照组。造卵数1~2龄颗粒饲料育略少于全龄桑叶育,但残留卵率显著降低,平均产卵量与全龄桑叶育基本相同,良卵率也无明显差异。小蚕颗粒饲料育的5龄食下量均低于全龄桑叶育,4个品种平均减少11.0%,叶卵转化率比全龄桑叶育平均提高15.6%。     

杨树纸浆林经济效益分析及评价

通过对辽宁杨、荷兰3930杨3种不同密度纸浆林的成本及流向、经济效益的静态和动态分析及效益评价，总结出短轮伐期杨树纸浆林的最适栽培密度为1111－1666株／hm^2，轮伐期6－7a；每公顷利税达到38983.00元，年均纯利润为3754．93元；税后内部收益率超过57％；纸浆材的产量和价格是影响经济效益的敏感因素。     

杨直角叶蜂在河南的危害与风险性管理

参照国际有害生物危险性分析（Pest Risk Analysis）方法,从杨直角叶蜂Stauronematus compressicornis Fabricius的国内外分布状况、潜在危险性、寄主植物的经济重要性、传播蔓延的可能性以及危险性的管理难度等几个方面进行了定性、定量分析,对其危险性做出了综合评价,结果表明杨直角叶蜂在我国属轻度危险的林业有害生物,及时采取防治措施,能够有效防止其扩散蔓延。     

烟农5286小麦新品种的选育及其特性研究

烟农5286是烟台市农业科学研究院1995年以鲁麦14为母本,烟945015为父本杂交选育的高产、稳产、强筋、抗病小麦新品种。2003~2005年在山东省中高肥A组区试中,666.7m2平均产量535.23 kg,较对照鲁麦14增产7.40%;2006~2007年在山东省中高肥生产试验中,666.7m2平均产量480.51kg,较对照济麦19增产5.23%。2007年9月通过山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

Identification of summer nectar plants contributing to outbreaks of Mythimna separata(Walker)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in North China

The presence of adequate nectar sources along the migratory pathway is a prerequisite for moths of oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata, to reach target habitats and lay eggs. Identification of plant species and assessment of their suitability as wild nectar sources along the summer migration pathway of adult M. separata are critical steps in making effective forecasts of second-and third-generation armyworm outbreaks in North China. We explored five aspects of moth-nectar source relationships:(1) Field investigations in 2014 and 2015 showed that the florescence of chaste tree, Vitex negundo var. heterophylla, a primary nectar plant in apiculture, coincided with the summer migration of oriental armyworm moths. The flowers of chaste tree opened day and night and M. separata moths were found actively flying around and resting on tree.(2) Identification of moth-borne pollen by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) micrographs in 2015 and 2016 revealed that 15.4% of 369 moths trapped by blacklight traps, 17.1% of 557 moths captured by vertical-pointing searchlight traps and 24.4% of 311 moths caught by pheromone traps were found with pollen attached to their proboscis. A total of 228 pollen-carrying individuals out of 1237 armyworm moths were captured by the three types of traps. The three highest percentages of pollen-bearing armyworm moths were carrying pollen of Toona sp.(59.65%), Ligustrum sp.(27.19%) and Syringa sp.(4.39%). In total, 14 types of pollen were detected where three were identified to species, 10 to genus and one as an unknown species.(3) Analysis of geographical distribution, flowering periods and relative abundances of candidate nectar plants suggested that Chinese toon, Toona sinensis, and privet, Ligustrum lucidum, were two important nectar plant species.(4) Analysis on relationship between pollen and ovarian development showed that 14, 15 and 10 females carrying pollen of T. sinensis had ovaries at developmental stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively. Many T. sinensis pollen grains were present on the proboscises of female moths.(5) Comparison of trap effectiveness between blacklight and vertical-pointing searchlight traps indicated blacklight traps caught the highest proportion(35.2%) of female in ovarian stage Ⅴ, whereas vertical-pointing searchlight traps caught the highest proportion(43.5%) of female in ovarian stage I with additional proportions of decreasing percentages for stages Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Integrated analysis on these five aspects suggests that T. sinensis is an important, suitable summer nectar source that potentially influences migration and reproduction of M. separata moths andthus contributes to outbreaks of this pest. The vertical-pointing searchlight trap was the most effective tool for monitoring the migratory flight of adult M. separata. Privet, Ligustrum lucidum, and clove, Syringa sp., are possible suitable summer nectar plants that need further study to elucidate their importance. The reason why field investigation results on chaste tree differed from the results of moth-borne pollen analyses was discussed.