温室番茄叶面积与干物质生产的模拟

 根据光温对作物叶面积的影响，提出了辐热积（product of thermal effectiveness and PAR，TEP）的概念。根据试验资料构建了利用辐热积模拟番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill）叶面积动态的数学模型，并将其与已有的光合作用和干物质生产模拟模型相结合，构建了温室番茄干物质生产动态模型。利用不同品种、基质和地点的试验资料对模型进行了检验。结果表明，与传统的比叶面积法和有效积温法相比，辐热积法显著提高了温室番茄叶面积的预测精度，提高了光合作用和干物质生产的模拟精度。辐热积法对番茄叶面积的预测结果与1:1直线之间的决定系数R 2和统计回归标准误差RMSE分别为0.9743和0.0515 m2·株-1，对植株总干物质量的预测结果与1:1直线之间的R 2和RMSE分别为0.9360和522.7104 kg·ha-1；采用辐热积法对植株总干物质量的预测精度比有效积温法和比叶面积法分别提高56％和72％。     

外源海藻糖对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗生理指标的影响

在0.4%NaCl胁迫下,利用0.3%~0.5%的外源海藻糖处理番茄幼苗,研究其对番茄幼苗生长及叶片保护酶活性和氧化损伤的影响。结果表明:0.5%的外源海藻糖处理显著提高了番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量和SOD酶的活性,显著降低了MDA的含量,缓解NaCl胁迫伤害的效果最好,增强了植株的耐盐性。     

硒钴配施对番茄产量、番茄红素及硒、钴含量的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了硒钴配施对番茄产量、番茄红素、番茄果实中硒、钴含量以及土壤中有效硒、钴含量的影响,结果表明,单施硒对番茄产量无明显影响;单一施钴处理时,番茄产量随施钴量的增加而增加;Co2(16 mg/kg)与Se2(0.6 mg/kg)或Se3(3 mg/kg)配施可显著提高番茄的产量,与对照相比,分别提高了14.1%和15.9%。单一施硒和单一施钴以及硒钴配施条件下均可提高番茄中番茄红素的含量。单一施硒和硒钴配施均可明显地提高番茄中硒和土壤中有效硒的含量。单一施钴以及硒钴配施可明显提高番茄中和土壤中有效钴的含量。     

试验温室番茄营养液深液流栽培与研究

[目的]为营养液深液流技术在设施番茄高产优质栽培中的应用提供参考。[方法]以营养液深液流栽培为栽培方式,荷兰“百利”番茄为研究对象,通过温室无土栽培试验确定了适用于该栽培方式的营养液配方。[结果]适宜的营养液温度为22～32℃。营养生长期的适宜营养液浓度为1500～2500μS／cm,结果期的适宜营养液浓度为3000～4000μS／cm。2008年7月12日,对大栽培池中的番茄植株进行了第1次采摘,成熟果32个,挂果12个,成熟果单果重约130g,平均直径约65mm,最大直径约80mm。到2008年10月1日,大栽培池番茄植株累计采摘成熟果162个,挂果43个;其冠层面积约10m2,根茎直径为26．68mm,番茄长势良好。[结论]该试验为各种蔬菜、瓜果的无土栽培提供了新的技术支持。     

宁夏露地番茄有机栽培关键技术

从番茄品种选择、育苗管理、田间管理、病虫害防治、采收、包装、销售等方面介绍了宁夏露地番茄有机栽培关键技术。     

秸秆生物反应堆对设施土壤环境特性的影响

[目的]研究秸秆生物反应堆、秸秆生物反应堆与牛粪配套措施对土壤理化性质、微生物量、酶活性及作物产量的影响。[方法]试验以常规栽培为对照(CK),研究秸秆生物反应堆(BSBR)、秸秆生物反应堆+牛粪(BSBR+CM)对土壤理化性质和微生物的影响。[结果]与CK相比,秸秆生物反应堆能显著提高土壤含水率,有效降低土壤碱性和EC值,显著增加土壤有效氮、有效磷、有效钾含量,为微生物活动提供充足的氮源,促进微生物碳氮增加以及蔗糖酶与脲酶的活性,显著增加番茄产量,配施牛粪效果更明显;BSBR+CM处理显著提升了土壤有机质含量。[结论]综合考虑认为,内置式秸秆生物反应堆配施牛粪,可以调整合理的碳氮比,对温室土壤连作以及盐渍化具有一定的修复作用,起到增产的效果,是一种较为合理的农艺措施,建议推广应用。     

不同授粉方式对日光温室番茄生长及品质的影响

[目的]分析熊蜂在河西高海拔冷凉区日光温室番茄上的授粉行为及对营养品质的影响。[方法]以koppert熊蜂为材料,观察熊蜂日活动规律,确定其适宜活动的温室温湿度;比较分析生产中常用的熊蜂授粉、振荡器授粉和蘸花授粉3种授粉方式对日光温室番茄产量、品质及效益的影响。[结果]熊蜂授粉和震荡授粉对温室番茄的坐果和产量影响不明显,但可显著降低畸裂果率,提高果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、有机酸、V_C含量;熊蜂授粉较蘸花授粉减少生产投入52.4%,震荡授粉较蘸花授粉减少生产投入34.9%。[结论]在人工紧缺或条件适宜的地区,可推广使用熊蜂授粉和震荡授粉技术。     

南方设施大棚番茄冬春大茬高效栽培技术

福建省沿海地区设施大棚番茄冬春大茬生产的生产期有8个月左右,每667 m2收入2.0万～2.5万元。该文从品种选择、播种育苗、整地定植、水肥管理、整枝打叶、吊蔓与落蔓、保花保果疏果、大棚温湿度管理、病虫害防治、适时采收等几个方面总结了南方设施大棚番茄冬春大茬高效栽培技术。     

S-诱抗素对不同作物农艺性状的影响研究

为了提高宁夏水稻及瓜、果、蔬菜的产量,提高抵抗病虫害性能,以水稻、西瓜、番茄、辣椒、茄子为研究对象,进行S-诱抗素对其生物性状及产量的影响试验研究,结果表明：番茄病虫害发生率降低4.4％～35.6％,增产22 500 kg/hm2;施用福施壮和吲叮诱抗素水稻产量分别比对照最大增产1 910.10 kg/hm2和1 530.30 kg/hm2;施用寡糖后有助于增加西瓜糖度,中心糖增加1.425度,边缘糖增加2.625度.     

Determination of comprehensive quality index for tomato and its response to different irrigation treatments

In order to investigate better irrigation scheduling with the compromise between yield and quality of greenhouse-grown tomato under limit water supply, two experiments of different irrigation treatments were conducted in the arid region of northwest China during spring to summer in 2008 (2008 season) and winter in 2008 to summer in 2009 (2008-2009 season). After measuring single quality attributes, the analysis hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) were used to determine the weight of single quality attributes and comprehensive quality index, respectively. The results show that the rank of comprehensive quality index had good fitness to that of single quality attributes, indicating that the comprehensive quality index was reliable. Compared to full irrigation, applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the seedling stage had slight improvement of comprehensive quality and limit water saving. Applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the fruit maturation and harvesting stage decreased the yield by 23.0-40.9%, but had the best comprehensive quality. However, applying 1/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage significantly reduced crop water consumption and had obvious improvement of comprehensive quality, but did not decrease the yield significantly and water use efficiency in the 2008 season. And applying 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage significantly decreased crop water consumption and slightly improved the comprehensive quality, but did not decrease the yield significantly in the 2008-2009 season. Considering the water saving amount, yield and comprehensive quality, applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage and no water stress in other growth stages appears to be a better irrigation scheduling with the compromise between yield and quality of greenhouse-grown tomato, which can be recommended for the spring to summer and winter to summer seasons in the arid region of northwest China.