案例教学法在“食品感官评定”课程中的应用和实践

"食品感官评定"与实际生产联系非常紧密,具有很强的实用性。传统教学多采用课堂讲授的教学方式,灌输多启发少,以学习理论知识为主,不能很好地做到理论与实践的紧密结合。教研团队针对"食品感官评价"课程的特点,在教学过程中实施案例教学法,不仅能实现学生更好地掌握理论知识,还能够调动其学习积极性,加强学生对所学知识的理解,帮助学生理论联系实践。     

不同工艺条件对青海传统蒙古奶茶品质的影响

为优化青海传统蒙古奶茶加工工艺,提高其口感质量,以青砖茶、鲜牛乳为主要原料,赤砂糖和食盐为辅料,探究浸提料水比、浸提温度、浸提时间及牛乳、赤砂糖、食盐的添加比例对青海传统蒙古奶茶品质的影响。采用单因素试验、Plackeet-Burman(PB)试验设计、Box-Behnken试验设计,通过感官评定、茶多酚含量及稳定性分析得到蒙古奶茶的三个显著性因素,最佳工艺条件为:浸提时间90min,糖6%,盐0.4%。该配方下蒙古奶茶呈浅棕色液体,无分层,口感最佳,营养成分指标为:茶多酚330.27mg/kg,蛋白质0.69%,可溶性固形物14.7%,沉淀率3.24%,稳定系数0.905。此蒙古奶茶制备工艺可为该青海传统乳制品的工业化生产提供参考依据。     

大白莱组织结构感官品质与评定指标的关系

以17个大白菜品种为试材，探讨组织结构与感官品质及营养成份的关系。结果表 明，三者密切相关。质地受导管壁厚度及中肋细胞大小的影响。组织结构与产品贮藏营养物 质、风味和质地密切相关。可用公式Y一又门乃硼司．0316X；（短缩茎溶生腔％）朽乃0939X。 （叶肉厚mm）对感官品质迸行定量评价。     

Chemical,sensory and rheological properties of porridges from processed sorghum (Sorghum bicolor,bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) flours

The chemical, sensory and rheological properties of porridges made from blends of sprouted sorghum, bambara groundnuts and fermented sweet potatoes were examined. Sorghum and bambara groundnuts were sprouted for 48 h while sweet potatoes were fermented for the same period. Blends were formulated from the processed ingredients in the ratio of 60:40:0, 57:42:1, 55:44:1 and 52:46:2 (protein basis) of sorghum, bambara groundnuts and sweet potatoes. Porridges were prepared from the composite flours and the traditional sorghum complementary food. Standard assay methods were used to evaluate the flours for nutrient composition. The porridges were also tested for sensory properties and viscosity. Processing increased the levels of most of the nutrients evaluated. Relative to the sorghum traditional complementary food, thecomposite flours had higher levels of lipids, protein, ash, crude fiber and minerals (p<0.05). The porridges from the composite flours were generally liked slightly by the panelists and were about seven times less viscous than the porridge from the traditional sorghum complementary food. Use of the composite flours, particularly the 52:46:2 blend, as a traditional complementary food should be encouraged in Nigeria especially with the increasing cost of commercial complementary foods.     

A neurologic syndrome in Golden Retrievers presenting as a sensory ataxic neuropathy

BACKGROUND: A sensory ataxic neuropathy has been observed in Swedish Golden Retrievers recently. ANIMALS: Twenty-one affected Golden Retrievers. METHODS: Clinical and neurologic status, electrophysiologic, and pathologic status as well as pedigree analyses were evaluated. RESULTS: Clinical signs had an insidious onset between 2 and 8 months of age and a slowly progressive course. Affected dogs were ataxic and dysmetric. They had abnormal postural reactions and decreased spinal reflexes but no apparent muscle atrophy. Clinical pathology, radiography, and electrophysiology of motor systems were all within reference values. Sensory nerve conduction results of affected dogs were significantly different from those of a group of control dogs. Necropsy revealed a chronic progressive central and peripheral sensorimotor axonopathy; the proprioceptive pathways were most severely affected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This disease in these Golden Retrievers is distinct from other canine breed-related neurodegenerative diseases or hereditary neurodegenerative diseases described in humans. Pedigree analyses indicated a hereditary background, but the mode of inheritance could not be established.     

Bio-based Coating from Fish Gelatin,K-Carrageenan and Extract of Pomegranate Peels for Maintaining the Overall Qualities of Fish Fillet

ABSTRACT

To maintain the overall quality of fisheries products, functional edible coatings from natural ingredients including fish gelatin (Gf), k-carrageenan (Cr), and extract of pomegranate peels (PPE) were composed. The Gf was extracted from blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus), microencapsulated with Cr, and then loaded with PPE (at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of Gf/Cr composites verified their cross-linkage and functionality; the Gf/Cr microcapsules had a mean particle size of 36.2 µm with good distribution and homogeneity. The coating of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets, with constructed solutions from Gf/Cr/PPE, revealed their positive effects on fillet quality attributes; the effectiveness was dependent on the supplemented PPE concentration. The Gf/Cr/PPE solutions could effectively reduce the microbial counts of total aerobics, psychrotrophs, yeast and molds, and enterobacteriaceae groups throughout 30 days of refrigerated storage. Additionally, the analysis of spoilage chemical parameters (total volatile basic nitrogen, peroxide value, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) in coated samples indicated that formulated solutions could hinder the increase of their values during storage. The sensorial evaluation indicated the acceptability and validity of coated samples for up to 30 days of storage. Gf/Cr/PPE coating is recommended for overall quality maintenance of fish fillets and prolongation of storage using safe and healthy biopreservatives.     

大豆乳饮料的研制

本试验以大豆和牛奶为主要原料制作大豆乳饮料,对牛奶、大豆粉、白砂糖和稳定剂的用量对感官品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明,产品的最佳配比为：40%牛奶、2%大豆粉、6.0%白砂糖和0.30%复配稳定剂（单硬脂酸甘油酯23%、蔗糖脂肪酸酯10%、微晶纤维素40%、卡拉胶27%）,51.7%水分。     

不同种类酵母抽提物对调理乌鳢鱼片风味及品质的影响

为探究添加不同种类酵母抽提物对生鲜鱼片风味及质构的影响,实验以调理乌鳢鱼片为原料,通过同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取挥发性成分,利用GC-MS联合电子鼻、电子舌对6组调理乌鳢鱼片(空白对照CK组、FA02组、KU012组、FG10组、FA39组和F55组)进行风味成分分析,再结合感官、色度和质构进一步评价了6组调理乌鳢鱼片的品质。结果显示,CK组检测出42种挥发性物质,而添加5种酵母抽提物后(FA02、KU012、FG10、FA39、F55),挥发性物质的种类显著增多,分别为60、66、56、52、46种。鱼片中主要特征挥发性物质为醛类,如庚醛、癸醛以及(E, E)-2, 4-癸二烯醛等;添加不同种类酵母抽提物后,各组鱼片挥发性物质增加了(E)-4-癸烯醛、2-壬酮和3-壬烯-2-酮等。其中KU012组挥发性物质种类及含量增加最多,如具有清新气味的(E)-2-戊烯醛、黄瓜味的(E, Z)-2, 6-壬二烯醛以及提高整体风味的(Z)-2-(2-戊烯基)呋喃。电子鼻和电子舌的测定结果显示,各酵母抽提物组与CK组在气味、滋味方面存在显著差异。相对于CK组,添加酵母抽提物调理的乌鳢鱼片色泽呈浅黄,质构略有降低,但感官评分有所升高。研究表明,不同种类酵母抽提物均能一定程度改善调理乌鳢鱼片的风味、质构及感官品质,其中KU012组综合表现最佳。本研究为酵母抽提物在水产品中的调味应用提供了参考,具有实践价值。     

兔肉香肠发酵剂添加方式及配比的优化研究

[目的]以木糖葡萄球菌C18(Staphylococcus xylosus)、植物乳杆菌L26(Lactobacillus plantarum)、德巴利汉逊氏酵母Y163(Debaryo-myces Hansenula)为发酵剂制作兔肉发酵香肠。[方法]采用预试验、单因素试验测定产品的pH,并结合感官分析,评价制作兔肉香肠的发酵剂及其添加方式和添加配比。[结果]在总接种量为1×107cfu/g条件下,采用同时添加的方式加工兔肉香肠,添加配比L∶C∶Y=1∶2∶1,效果最好。[结论]研究可为兔肉的开发利用提供理论依据。     

煎炸过程中大豆油品质变化研究

[目的]考察煎炸过程中大豆油的品质变化.[方法]对餐饮业多频次反复使用的大豆油以及家庭正常使用2～3次的大豆油进行研究,关注煎炸中食材的感官品质、大豆油品质指标变化情况.[结果]对一级大豆油进行低频次煎炸(3次),每批煎炸食材着色正常无异味,油样品质可以符合食用油煎炸过程中卫生指标要求.大豆油过多频次连续煎炸,后期煎炸食物滋味变差,并带有异味,油品指标逐渐变差.在煎炸过程中,酸值、极性组分、羰基价都与煎炸次数呈线性正相关关系,碘价与煎炸次数呈负相关关系.极性组分的含量与酸值、羰基价呈线性正相关关系,与碘价呈负相关关系.[结论]油品不宜多次连续煎炸使用,家庭使用不宜连续超过3次.