如何根据药物敏感试验结果选用渔用药物(上)

<正>药物敏感试验是水生动物执业兽医师进行渔用药物合理应用的重要参考指标之一,对于其正确理解,不能单纯依据报告上敏感、耐药或中介的字眼,还应结合患病水生动物机体因素、药物的药动学和药效学特点、致病菌耐药机制、给药途径对药物流失程度的影响等因素,综合分析后方可做出正确的判断。水生动物执业兽医师在应用药物敏感试验结果指导渔用药物选择时,常出现不熟悉渔用药物的抗菌谱等药学特性、不了解致病菌的天然耐药性、不考虑给药途径对药物流失程度影响等情况。为此,这里进行     

Amplification,Sequence Analysis and Tissue Expression Detection of FUT2 Gene Coding Regions of Dongchuan Pigs

Porcine alpha (1,2) fucosyltransferase (FUT2) gene was importance in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-globo series, potentially played a regulatory role during Escherichia coli (E. coli) F18 infection process in weaned piglets. In order to explore sequence structure of porcine FUT2 gene and its biological function, this test amplified FUT2 gene CDS sequence of Dongchuan pigs by PCR, forecasted and analyzed the protein sequences and functional regions of FUT2 gene, its expression level was detected in 11 tissues of 8 Dongchuan weaned piglets in 35 days old at the meantime. The results showed that the CDS sequence of FUT2 gene was 1 023 bp, which encoded 340 amino acids. FUT2 protein was fat-soluble hydrophilic protein, which the structure was not stable, including a transmembrane helix structure, but without signal peptide that suggested the FUT2 protein was a membrane protein;FUT2 protein included 2 N-glycosylation sites (No. 185 and No. 305 amino acids), without O-glycosylation sites, there were 14 potential phosphorylation sites, included 6 Ser, 2 Thr and 6 Tyr, analyzing the functional regions found that the FUT2 protein had a superfamily of conserved domains:FUT1-FUT2-like (58-319 amino acids). The phylogenetic tree result showed that the relative relationship between swine and cattle was relatively close, but was distant from chimpanzee, human, mouse and rat. FUT2 gene was expressed in all 11 tissues of Dongchuan weaned piglets, there were higher expression in digestive tract and immune tissues. The present results suggested that FUT2 gene might play a role to resistance to E. coli F18 in weaned piglets, and might indirectly against E. coli F18 through the synthesis of fucosyltransferase.     

Cloning and Expression of CMKLR1 Gene and Its Correlation with Intramuscular Fat in Goat (Capra hirus)

In order to enrich basic date in goat (Capra hirus) CMKLR1 gene and investigate the correlation between CMKLR1 gene expression and intramuscular fat (IMF) content in muscles, the CMKLR1 gene was cloned from the goat of subcutaneous adipose tissue by RT-PCR, characterized by bioinformatics methods. The expression profiles of CMKLR1 gene of goat in various tissues were constructed liver was benchmark, the GAPDH (GenBank accession No.: AJ431207.1) as a reference gene.Then, the correlation between CMKLR1 mRNA expression and IMF content in muscles was analyzed. The results showed that the CMKLR1 gene CDS of goat (GenBank accession No.: KT165374) was 1 089 bp. Real-time PCR indicated that CMKLR1 was widely expressed in various tissues, including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, adipose, longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris and triceps brachii, and was the highest in lung (P< 0.05). Similar expression variation trend of CMKLR1 was observed between the muscles from 1 to 3 and 24 months old goat, and was the highest in biceps femoris. Reversely, in 8 to 10 months old CMKLR1 was the highest in triceps brachii. The IMF of longissimus dorsi from 24 months old was the highest. Correlation analysis demonstrated that different correlations were observed between expression of CMKLR1 mRNA and IMF content in longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris, and triceps brachii in goat. The CMKLR1 gene did not participate in the deposition of IMF in goats. The research built the theoretical basis for further studies about the CMKLR1 gene.     

《信号分析与处理》教学理论框架建立

《信号分析与处理》是勘察技术与工程专业一门重要的基础课程,涉及的内容抽象、公式繁多,理论分析与实际应用结合困难。根据该课程多年的讲授经验,并结合学生反馈的接受情况,阐述了《信号分析与处理》理论框架建立的必要性,重点提出了该课程的2个理论框架——基于抽样定理的理论框架和正交变换的理论框架,并以该课程的主要知识点为例,详细讲解了基于2个理论框架的各知识点的关系梳理。     

低温胁迫下马铃薯的数字基因表达谱分析

以马铃薯品种合作88为材料,利用数字基因表达谱(DGE)技术,对–2℃低温胁迫处理后的马铃薯叶片c DNA文库进行差异基因表达谱分析。结果表明,有28 505个基因受低温胁迫诱导差异表达,其中上调表达基因13 703个,下调表达基因14 802个。GO功能显著性富集分析表明,DEGs主要涉及信号生物代谢过程、氧化还原过程、能量代谢、次生代谢过程以及催化活性。KEGG富集分析表明,上调表达基因主要富集于苯丙烷、光合作用天线蛋白、类胡萝卜素的生物合成、苯丙氨酸代谢及淀粉与蔗糖代谢途径,而下调表达基因主要富集于植物激素信号转导途径。利用实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)验证4个DEGs在低温胁迫条件下的差异表达,其结果与DGE分析结果基本一致,证实了DGE测序结果的可靠性。     

鸡源结肠弯曲菌耐药性分析

为了解江苏省鸡源结肠弯曲菌的流行情况和药物敏感性,对江苏省不同规模化养鸡场、农贸市场和超市的鸡泄殖腔样品和鸡肉产品进行结肠弯曲菌的分离及PCR鉴定;采用纸片扩散法测定分离株对17种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果显示,从750份样品(禽肉产品和泄殖腔棉拭子)中分离到81株结肠弯曲菌,分离率为10.8%。耐药性试验结果显示,80%以上菌株对头孢曲松、妥布霉素、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、林可霉素和甲氧苄氨嘧啶耐药,其中甲氧苄氨嘧啶耐药率达99%,对美罗培南和氟苯尼考保持高度敏感。所有测试菌株出现多重耐药,优势耐药谱为LIN/CRO/CN/T/NOR/CIP。调查结果为结肠弯曲菌防控提供参考依据。     

麦田新型除草剂锐超麦

锐超麦是美国陶氏益农公司于2014年在中国最先上市的麦田茎叶处理除草剂新产品。它具有活性高、用量低、稳定性好、对作物安全等一系列新特性。一、主要成分及除草对象1.主要成分锐超麦内含锐活10%+双氟磺草胺10%,外加专用助剂,两者加在一起为1套。剂型:20%水分散粒剂。注意:锐超麦需和专用助剂一起使用。锐活就是锐超麦的主要活性成分之一,该成分是陶氏益农最新发现并拥有专利的化合物。2.包装规格及剂量锐超麦1套     

拉格朗日中值定理反问题存在性及存在不可导点的相关结论探讨

从几何意义出发研究拉格朗日中值定理的反问题,得到了拉格朗日中值定理反问题的2个存在性结论。此外,还探讨了函数有不可导点情形下拉格朗日中值定理的相关结论,丰富了拉格朗日中值定理的结果。     

海水养殖源弧菌耐药性调查与分析

对2010年收集自上海、江苏、海南等地海水养殖区域内的184株弧菌进行了耐药率测定和分析,绘制了其对常见药物的耐药谱。结果显示,所有弧菌对喹诺酮类、氯霉素类、磺胺类、氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类及利福霉素类等常见药物均有不同程度的耐药,对抗生素耐药率分别为新生霉素64.7%、复方新诺明57.6%、恩诺沙星54.3%、利福平54.3%、卡那霉素45.7%,对诺氟沙星、氯霉素类和红霉素的耐药率则维持在较低水平,分别为8.2%、10.3%和9.2%;菌株交叉耐药和多重耐药现象严重,对1种以上药物产生耐药的菌株占总数的100%;对2种以上药物产生耐药的菌株占总数的93.5%;对3种以上药物耐药的菌株占80.4%;对4种以上药物耐药的菌株占49.5%;对5种以上药物耐药的菌株占26.6%;对6种以上药物耐药的菌株亦有3.8%。由此可见,水产细菌的耐药性十分严重,已成为当前渔业细菌性疾病防控的突出问题。     

鸡胴体空肠弯曲菌分离株的耐药性分析

为分析并比较我国5省份屠宰场鸡胴体分离的空肠弯曲菌的耐药状况,采用琼脂稀释法测定鸡酮体空肠弯曲菌分离株对8类14组抗生素的耐药性。结果表明:72株空肠弯曲菌分离株对8类14组抗生素均有不同程度的耐药,其中对喹诺酮类、四环素类、头孢菌素类显示为高度耐药(环丙沙星98.6%、萘啶酸93.1%,四环素94.4%、多西环素90.3%,头孢他啶87.5%);对青霉素类、磺胺类显示为中等耐药(阿莫西林/克拉维酸45.8%,甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑44.4%);对大环内酯类、氨基糖苷类、林可酰胺类显示为低耐药(红霉素2.8%、阿奇霉素6.9%,庆大霉素18.1%、链霉素4.2%,克林霉素4.2%);对碳青霉烯类(美罗培南)和氯霉素均显示为全敏感。72株分离株均对4种及以上抗生素有耐药性,共产生31种耐药谱型,其中以TET-CIP-NAL-CAZ-DOX型最多,占比22.2%。各省份之间耐药状况差异不明显。说明我国5省份屠宰场从鸡酮体分离的空肠弯曲菌均有不同程度的耐药,多重耐药菌占比较高,应加强鸡场养殖环节抗生素使用的监管,防止药物滥用,保障动物和人类健康。