黑龙江省猫旋毛虫18S rRNA基因分子克隆及序列分析

本文利用GenBank中发表的(Trichinella spiralis)18S rRNA序列为参考设计引物,对分离自黑龙江省猫体内的旋毛虫及本地毛形线虫(Trichinella nativa)的18S rRNA基因进行扩增,克隆后测序,序列分析结果表明:猫旋毛虫与旋毛形线虫基因同源性更高。     

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense’ is the phytoplasma associated with Australian grapevine yellows, papaya dieback and Phormium yellow leaf diseases

Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA genes and the 16S/23S spacer regions of the phytoplasmas associated with Australian grapevine yellows, papaya dieback and Phormium yellow leaf diseases revealed minimal nucleotide differences between them resulting in the formation of a monophyletic group. Therefore, along with Australian grapevine yellows, the phytoplasmas associated with Phormium yellow leaf and papaya dieback should also be considered as Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense.     

10种海参16SrDNA 序列多样性及其亲缘关系分析

运用PCR扩增10种海参的16SrDNA部分序列,并测序.获得大小为566bp的序列,利用DNAsp4.0软件分析比较10种海参的碱基组成、各碱基变异位点数、插入或缺失位点数,并采用MEGA4.0软件分析彼此间的遗传距离.结果发现,10种海参富含AT碱基,A T的含量平均为57.0%,不同种海参间发生碱基转换、颠换及发生插入或缺失变异的位点数差异很大,10种海参彼此间的遗传距离在0.007～0.316之间.所得结果与GenBank中10种海参的相应序列进行比对分析,同时用MEGA4.0和PAUP4.0软件构建进化树,分析其亲缘关系.结果表明,利用16SrDNA序列的差异可以将分属于海参科(Holothuriidae)与刺参科(Stichopodidae)的海参完全分开,瓜参科(Cucumariidae)的2个种与刺参科的亲缘关系较近.对不同海参种间亲缘关系的分析结果还表明,同属于剌参科的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)与加州拟刺参(Parastichopus californicus)和具疣拟刺参(Parastichopus parvimensis)亲缘关系最近,同属于海参科的格皮氏海参(Pearsonothuria graeffei)与白尼参属的蛇目白尼参(Bohadschia argus)和图纹白尼参(B.marmorata)亲缘关系最近,而同样为海参科的墨西哥海参(Holothuria mexicana)则与红腹海参(Hothuria edulis)关系最近.这些资料为海参的种质资源管理、新种引进和种质改良提供了基础的分子生物学依据.     

Genetic analysis of Aequipecten opercularis and Mimachlamys varia (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) in several Atlantic and Mediterranean localities, revealed by mitochondrial PCR-RFLPs: a preliminary study

Aequipecten opercularis (Queen scallop) and Mimachlamys (Chlamys) varia (Black scallop) are important natural resources occurring in Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. To develop an optimal sustainable exploitation plan, it is important to study the genetic structure of the different populations. In this study, we used polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphisms for the determination of the genetic variation and population structure of these two species in different localities. Ten composite haplotypes were generated for A. opercularis and 15 haplotypes for M. varia. Of these, six and four were unique respectively. The analysis of the distribution of the different haplotypes between the localities showed no clear evidence of subdivision in A. opercularis, while in M. varia the results indicated that the two localities analysed should be managed as separate stocks.     

绿海龟源溶藻弧菌的分离鉴定及药敏分析

【目的】腐皮病是绿海龟(Chelonia mydas)龟苗培育中的常见病,传染性极强,发病率和死亡率高。为确定病因及治疗方法,从病龟鳍状肢的腐皮组织中分离病原菌。【方法】从症状明显的稚龟四肢病灶中分离纯化得到疑似病原菌,编号CMRT91026,开展形态特征、生理生化特性、16SrRNA鉴定和系统发育树构建及相关药物敏感试验。【结果】该菌能在TCBS培养基上生长,菌落呈黄色,为革兰氏阴性短杆菌;在1%NaCl葡萄糖磷酸盐胨水、蔗糖、甘露糖和赖氨酸脱羧酶上的生化特性均显示阳性,并且在3%～10%NaCl胨水均能生长;与NCBI上的溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)同源性达100%。药敏结果显示,该菌对恩诺沙星、萘啶酸、左氧氟沙星、米诺环素、头孢吡肟和头孢曲松敏感;对多西环素、氟苯尼考、妥布霉素、大观霉素、诺氟沙星和氨曲南呈中介;对新霉素、复方新诺明、阿莫西林、庆大霉素、丁胺卡那霉素等15种药物有耐药性。【结论】该菌株鉴定为溶藻弧菌,对喹诺酮类药物(如恩诺沙星)、四环素类药物(如米诺环素)及头孢类(如头孢曲松)等药物较为敏感。试验结果为绿海龟稚龟溶藻弧菌病的诊断及病害防控提供了一定参考。     

Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Italian ryegrass silage

Twenty-three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from three cultivars (Akiaoba, Nagahahikari and Tachiwase) of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage were precisely characterized by a combination of phenotypic tests, genotypic 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and rapid PCR-based analyses, focusing on their useful phenotypes for silage preparation as inoculants. We successfully identified both at the species and subspecies levels: phenotypically novel Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum, Lactobacillus sakei subsp. carnosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum and Pediococcus parvulus. This is the first report to elucidate the presence of Lactobacillus coryniformis ssp. torquens and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum in Italian ryegrass silages. Physiological and biochemical tests revealed that phenotypic characteristics are different among the different strains of the same species and subspecies, and that the isolates show unique and diverse phenotypes related to fermentation factors, such as available carbohydrates, optimal growth pH and temperature. These results suggest that, for various well-preserved silage preparations, the isolates may be useful in producing novel inoculants corresponding to their optimally climatic and ecological niches.     

Species identification method for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scombrops boops</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scombrops gilberti</Emphasis> based on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of mitochondrial DNA

ABSTRACT:   Gnomefish Scombrops boops and Scombrops gilberti are commercially important fishes in Japan, but these species are often confused in the markets because of their morphological similarity. To identify these two species, we performed nucleotide sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and the control region in mitochondrial DNA. Five and 12 nucleotide substitutions were observed between species in the 777-bp 16S rRNA gene and 471-bp control region, respectively. Diagnostic restriction sites for discriminating between S. boops and S. gilberti were found in the 16S rRNA gene, but not in the control region. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–RFLP analysis using two enzymes, Eco NI and Mva I, clearly discriminated between S. boops and S. gilberti identified by meristic characters. The PCR–RFLP analysis identified most of the 168 Scombrops young caught in the coastal waters of the Izu and Miura peninsulas as S. boops , suggesting that S. gilberti juveniles are rare in this area.     

养殖刺参溃疡病病原菌RH2的鉴定及其生物学特性分析

从患溃疡病养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)病灶处分离出3株优势菌(RH1、RH2、RH3),以浸浴、体腔注射、体壁肌肉注射等方式进行感染实验,证实菌株RH2为养殖刺参溃疡病的病原菌,其对刺参的LD50(半数致死量)每尾为5.68×106CFU,并证实浸浴、体腔注射的方式无法感染刺参,该菌可能通过体表创伤侵入的方式感染刺参。经形态学观察、生理生化特性分析、16SrRNA和HSP60基因测序确定菌株RH2为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)。基于16S rRNA基因构建的系统发育树显示,菌株RH2与溶藻弧菌(AF513447)亲缘关系最近,置信度为50%;HSP60基因序列分析表明RH2与溶藻弧菌(AY332570、AF230931)聚为一个分支,且置信度高达99%。菌株RH2的最适生长盐度为25~35,最适生长pH为7.2~8.0,最适生长温度为14~22℃。对18种药物的敏感实验证实菌株RH2对诺氟沙星、复方新诺明、壮观霉素等较为敏感。     

大连湾和辽东湾夏季海水细菌多样性16S rDNA分析

通过构建大连湾(DL17)和辽东湾(ZD-LDW017)2个站点夏季海水的细菌16s rDNA文库,利用16S rDNA序列比对法,对大连湾和辽东湾夏季海水细菌多样性进行了分析.试验结果表明,这2个海域的细菌主要为非培养细菌.每个海区分别随机选取了200个克隆进行酶切谱型分析和序列测定,共得到104个不同的DNA序列,其中大连湾51个序列,分别属于13种(属);辽东湾53个序列,分别属于13种(属).有6种菌为这2个海区所共有,这2个海区各自有不同的优势菌,且均未检测到致病菌,研究结果表明大连湾和辽东湾海水细菌具有丰富的多样性.     

circADAMTS16的表达谱分析及其对牛脂肪细胞分化的影响

旨在探究 circADAMTS16在牛不同组织和前体脂肪细胞中的表达水平及其对牛脂肪细胞分化的影响，为进一步研究circRNA在细胞分化和脂肪组织发育过程中的调控作用提供依据。采用组织块法分离培养牛原代前体脂肪细胞并诱导分化，模拟牛脂肪组织生长发育过程；通过qRT-PCR检测 circADAMTS16在牛不同组织（心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肌肉、脂肪）和脂肪细胞分化不同阶段（0 d、2 d、4 d、8 d、10 d）的表达水平；构建 circADAMTS16的过表达载体（pCD2.1- circADAMTS16），设计合成 circADAMTS16的小干扰RNA （si- circADAMTS16），采用（Lipofectamine3000）转染试剂将pCD2.1- circADAMTS16和si- circADAMTS16转染牛前体脂肪细胞，利用qRT-PCR法检测转染效果，同时检测脂肪分化标志基因PPARγ、C/EBPα和 C/EBPβ的表达量变化，并进行油红O染色，综合分析干扰和过表达 circADAMTS16对牛脂肪细胞分化的影响。结果如下：①qRT-PCR检测结果表明 circADAMTS16在心脏中表达量最高，肝脏次之，脾最低；②在牛原代前体脂肪细胞分化过程中， circADAMTS16在第2天显著高表达，随后逐渐降低，在第8天时达到最低。③在牛前体脂肪细胞中过表达circADAMTST16后，脂肪分化标志基因PPARγ、C/EBPα、C/EBPβ的表达量显著下降；油红O染色结果显示，过表达后脂滴形成数量明显少于对照组；而干扰 circADAMTS16表达后，脂肪分化标志基因PPARγ和C/EBPα表达量显著上升。综上所述， circADAMTS16对牛原代前体脂肪细胞的分化过程具有显著的调控作用，过表达 circADAMTST16可抑制牛原代前体脂肪细胞分化进程，而干扰 circADAMTS16表达可以促进牛原代前体脂肪细胞分化进程，探明 circADAMTS16对牛原代前体脂肪细胞分化的具体调控作用。