采用智能通风的科技手段实现仓房节能排热低温储粮

通过利用智能通风控制系统对仓房进行夏季排热与常规夏季排热的对比,发现达到同样的排热效果的情况下,智能通风排热更加经济、便捷;同时也通过不同仓型之间的对比找出了各种仓型的排热特点。     

NaCl胁迫对茄子幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数和能量分配的影响

以茄子幼苗为试材,研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫下叶绿素荧光参数的变化.结果表明:随着NaCl胁迫加剧,最大荧光(Fm)、PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSII实际光化学效率(ФPSII)、天线转化效率(Fv＇/Fm＇)、光化学荧光猝灭系数(qP)和电子传递速率(ETR)均表现出降低的趋势,初始荧光(Fo)、非光化学荧光猝灭系数(NPQ)和PSⅡ激发能压力(1-qP)均上升;光化学反应的能量(P)在叶片所吸收的光能中所占的比例也逐渐减少,天线色素耗散的能量(D)表现出和P相反的趋势,非光化学反应耗散的能量(E)变化不稳定,天线热耗散是耗散过剩能量的主要途径.表明NaCl胁迫下,茄子幼苗光系统反应中心受到损伤,光合电子传递过程受到抑制.     

Evaluating the effect of drier and warmer conditions on water use by Quercus pyrenaica

Under climate change, severe and recurrent droughts can reduce forest production and cause widespread tree dieback. The response of different vegetation types to climate change can vary greatly and, therefore, must be individually assessed. This study was carried out in a Mediterranean oak forest (Quercus pyrenaica) subject to seasonal summer drought. To examine the response of the forest to the climate conditions predicted under climate change, a Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere Transfer model [SPA, Williams, M., Rastetter, E.B., Fernandes, D.N., Goulden, M.L., Wofsy, S.C., Shaver, G.R., Melillo, J.M., Munger, J.W., Fan, S.M., Nadelhoffer, K.J. 1996. Modelling the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in a Quercus–Acer stand at Harvard Forest: the regulation of stomatal conductance by light, nitrogen and soil/plant hydraulic properties. Plant, Cell, Environment 19, 911–927] was used. The model was parameterized using mostly local measurements (independent of the verification data) and tested against in situ sap flow measurements obtained during year 2007. The predictions of the model were broadly consistent with the observed dynamics of sap flow (the model explained 71% of the variance in daily transpiration and 75% of half-hourly sap flow), leaf water potentials and soil water content. Once the model had been validated, simulations were carried out under warmer and dryer conditions. Predicted warmer conditions (4 °C) caused a moderate increase in total simulated transpiration. Less frequent precipitation (40% longer dry periods between rainfall events) had very little effect on transpiration. In contrast, transpiration was reduced by 17% when the soil water reserves at the beginning of the summer were lower than in 2007, corresponding to those measured in a very dry year (2005). The reduction was exacerbated when changes in temperature and rainfall were also considered (up to 28% decline in transpiration). The higher atmospheric CO₂ concentrations (712 ppm) simulated together with climate change, did not prevent the decline in tree water use or soil water storage at the end of the summer. All scenarios caused the soil water storage to reach extremely low values at the end of the dry season (a minimum of 25 mm). It is concluded that climate change is likely to have a negative impact on tree water use and soil water resources in the study area, increasing the water deficit by as much as 30%.     

Partition of nocturnal sap flow in Acacia mangium and its implication for estimating the whole-tree transpiration

We analyzed the partition of nocturnal sap flow into refilling of internal water storage and transpiration in Acacia mangium. Sap flow of trees was monitored continuously with Granier’s sensors for estimating the whole-tree transpiration. Possible night transpiration and stomatal conductance at the leaf level in the canopy were measured with a LI-6400 photosynthesis measuring system. For nocturnal leaf transpiration and stomatal conductance were weak, nocturnal sap flow of mature A. mangium trees was mainly associated with water recharge in the trunk. No significant change in night water recharge of the trunk was found at both seasonal and inter-annual scales. Morphological features of trees including diameter at the breast height (DBH), tree height, and canopy size could explain variances of night water recharge. Furthermore, although the contribution of nocturnal sap flow to the total transpiration varied among seasons and DBH classes, the error caused by night water recharge on wholetree transpiration was negligible. __________ Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version), 2007, 31 (5): 777–786 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

赤霉酸在梨中的残留消解动态研究

为了制定赤霉酸在梨上的安全使用标准,将2.7%赤霉酸膏剂按37.5 mg/果进行田间试验,应用液相色谱法进行残留量分析检测,研究了赤霉酸(GA3、GA4+7)在梨中的残留动态,结果表明,赤霉酸在梨中的消解速度较快,半衰期为9.8~13.6天。赤霉酸在梨中的残留量随着时间延长而递减,符合一级反应动力学方程。     

三维数值模拟在孔板消能输水隧洞设计中的应用

另仂水库利用现有的导水洞布置输水隧洞,设计采用孔板消能形式降低输水隧洞内水流平均流速,避免高速水流对下游隧洞出口处河道的冲刷。孔板消能形式主要是利用水流流经突缩的孔板后又突然扩散,加强水流的紊动性,在孔板下游处产生强烈的湍流区域,消除水流大量动能。由此在洞内形成的二次流态具有明显的三维特征,采用RNGk-ε双方程湍流模型模拟隧洞内强湍流流态,并将模拟结果与经验公式计算结果及物理模型试验结果对比,探讨孔板消能设计的合理性和不同工况下隧洞内流态情况。     

基于吸能分配的平头货车驾驶室耐撞性研究

针对平头货车驾驶室无专用吸能区间和吸能元件的情况,由理论分析提出通过驾驶室各部件吸能量重新分配来改进驾驶室耐撞性的方法。参照ECE R29法规,以有限元法仿真某款实车驾驶室的摆锤碰撞过程,通过改变驾驶室部件的厚度尺寸来分配部件吸能量,评比碰撞后驾驶室生存空间,研究驾驶室生存空间与主要部件吸能量之间的关系,并依据分析结果提出切实可行的改进方案,进行实验验证。研究结果表明,适当增加或减少各部件的吸能量,达到吸能量的合理分配,可有效改进驾驶室耐撞性。     

长线互联电网的可用输电能力分析

提出了长线互联电网可用输电能力(ATC)的新模型和快速求解方法.针对长线输电主要受稳定极限约束,基于功率圆推导出线路稳定阈值,有效而简洁地描述复杂稳定极限问题,从而建立了长线互联电网ATC模型.基于支路耗散功率转归分量算法,将可用输电能力模型中的稳定极限约束和线路安全约束转化为电源出力约束,使ATC模型成为一个简单的线性规划问题.运用单纯形法实现快速准确地求解.该方法完全基于电路理论,充分利用了电力系统的物理特性,弥补了传统直流潮流法只适用于线路两端相角差很小的缺陷.仿真结果表明,本文的模型和算法有效、可行.     

华北石质山区4种乡土树种耗水特征

采用热扩散式液流探针(TDP)配合watchdog 900ET小型全自动气象站的方法,对华北石质山区乡土树种乔木山杏、刺槐和灌木酸枣、荆条的树干液流进行了连续监测,进而分析比较了它们的耗水特征。结果表明:①晴天时,乔木树种液流变化呈"几"字状,具有宽峰,而灌木树种则呈波动性变化,具有多峰;其液流速度大小为山杏酸枣荆条刺槐,而液流通量大小为山杏刺槐酸枣荆条;灌木树种液流启动、达峰值和终止时间均比乔木树种早。阴天时,乔灌木树种的树干液流变化比较平缓,而且液流速度较低,灌木树种液流启动、达峰值和终止时间也比乔木树种早。雨天时,乔灌木液流变化多次起落,但灌木树种对降雨敏感,液流速度显著增高。②乔灌木树种树干液流月变化呈现出5、6、10月份低,7、8、9月份高的规律。乔灌相比,10月份,灌木液流速度比乔木下降的程度大;5、6月份乔木耗水比率低于灌木。③影响乔木树干液流的主导环境因子是大气温度,土壤含水量和太阳辐射,而灌木树种为大气温度和土壤含水量;以环境因子作自变量,以乔灌木树种液流速度为因变量,经过逐步回归,建立了多元线性模型,回归方程极显著,调整R2依次为0.915、0.849、0.870、0.918,方程拟合良好。     

荒漠化过程的熵流机理

以耗散结构理论为基础,对荒漠化过程的熵交换作了系统的分析,揭示了荒漠化生态环境的脆弱本质,并用熵方法为防治荒漠化指明了途径.