砀山酥梨褐皮芽变品系锈酥果皮结构分析

测定了砀山酥梨褐皮芽变品系锈酥和砀山酥果皮中木质素含量的动态变化,观察了锈酥和砀山酥果皮结构的差异。结果表明,锈酥和砀山酥果皮中木质素含量均随果实的发育而升高,锈酥木质素含量显著高于砀山酥。花后100～125天,锈酥果皮由绿色转为褐色,木质素含量迅速增加。锈酥果实成熟时,果皮表皮细胞结构致密,木栓化程度高于砀山酥,是可能导致果皮褐色的原因。     

3种白腐菌木质素降解酶的比较

对3种白腐菌——黄孢原毛平革菌、变色栓菌和木质层孔菌在恒温振荡培养条件下产漆酶、锰过氧化物酶的情况进行比较研究,同时还对此3种菌在培养过程中还原糖的变化作了研究.结果表明:3种白腐菌中变色栓菌产漆酶相对最高,其漆酶酶活最高达到136.5 U/L,产酶最高时间为第8天;而木质层孔菌产锰过氧化物酶相对最高,其最高酶活达到880.2 U/L,产酶最高时间为第8天;同时在培养过程中还原糖含量随培养时间的延长而逐渐降低.     

Lignin Characterization of Triploid Clones of Populus tomentosa Carr.

In order to understand the structural characteristics of lignin in triploid clones ofPopulus tomentosa and its changes in the processes of pulping and bleaching, milled wood lignin （MWL）, lignin carbohydrate complex （LCC） and the residual lignin from kraft pulp （KP） and sulfite pulp （SP） were isolated and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrum and ^13C nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）. The most diagnostic peaks were assigned and the differences were discussed. The spectral patterns reveal that triploid P tomentosa shows the specific features of hardwood from temperate areas, but in the spectrum of FTIR, the strength ratio orAl270 cm^-1 to A1226 cm^-1 is 0.88, higher than the average of hardwood from temperate areas, which will make the lignin delignification more difficult during pulping and bleaching. The LCC from triploid P tomentosa is mainly composed of xyloglucan and glucuronic acid, and other glucides have much lower ratio. In LCC FTIR, there are three peaks at 1 427, 1 329 and 1 046 cm^-1, indicating that both semi-cellulose and cellulose could exist in LCC, and that there might be relationships between cellulose and lignin. Compared with the residual lignin from KP and SP, the condensed structure in KP is more than that in SP.     

Contributions of Extractives and Lignin to the Fractal Geometry of Internal Wood Surfaces

Internal wood surfaces can be treated as fractals, which are between Euclidean geometry and complete randomness. The fractal dimension Dfs is very informative in investigating the roughness of the internal surfaces of wood. In this study, the water sorption isotherms, including adsorption and desorption isotherm, of untreated, benzene-alcohol extracted and delignified (after benzene-alcohol extracted) spruce (Cuninghamia lanceolata) were measured at 30℃. On the basis of these isotherms, the Dfs values were calculated by FHH equation, which is based on multimolecular sorption. The results showed that both groups of Dfs values (respectively calculated from adsorption and desorption isotherms) of untreated, benzene-alcohol extracted and delignified wood have same order, that is, untreated > benzene-alcohol extracted - delignified. Therefore, the conclusion can be made that the benzene-alcohol extractives have significant contribution to the fractal geometry of internal wood surfaces. Lignin also has influ     

马尾松硫酸盐浆两段氧脱木质素最佳工艺条件的研究

研究了马尾松硫酸浆两段氧脱木质素的最佳工艺条件。结果表明，第一段氧脱木质素的条件为：氧压0．6MPa，温度100℃，时间80min,NaOH 量5％，MgSO4用量0．5％，浆浓10％；第二段氧脱木质素的条件为：氧压0．4MPa，温度90℃，时间60min，NaOH用量3％，MgSO4用量0．5％，浆浓10％。在此条件下，OIOⅡ木质素脱除率达到72．5％，粘度775．2cm^3/g,得率90．5％。经过氧脱木质素后浆的裂断长5．8km，耐破指数5．3kPa.m^2/g，撕裂指数12．7mN.m^2/g。     

木质素亲水改性研究

为提高木质素的功能性,利用2-溴代异丁酰溴改性木质素制备木质素基引发剂,然后采用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法将亲水单体甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、乙酸乙烯酯(VAC)和丙烯酸(AA)分别接枝到木质素上,合成亲水性木质素基接枝共聚物。对接枝聚合物进行接触角测试和红外光谱分析,结果表明:接枝单体甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯时,木质素接枝聚合物亲水效果最佳;木质素接枝前后接触角分别为45°、21.6°,接枝后木质素亲水性能提高。红外光谱分析显示,木质素接枝甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(Lignin-g-PHEMA)共聚物中具有HEMA的特征峰,表明单体甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯成功接枝到木质素分子上。     

木质素-LDPE扭矩流变性能试验研究

研究了影响木质素与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混物在转矩流变仪中的共混最大扭矩、平衡扭矩以及达到平衡扭矩时间的各个因素。结果表明,木质素、淀粉降解母料、增塑剂、温度对扭矩有明显影响;在LDPE为100份时,木质素55份,淀粉母料25份,增塑剂占木质素7.5%,增容剂10.5份,温度为180℃,共混物塑化性能最优。     

Analysis on Chemical Composition of Guadua amplexifolia Planted in China

The objective of this study is to determine the properties of G. amplexifolia. In this paper; the chemical composition, including holocellulose, acid-insoluble lignin, 1% NaOH solubility, benzene-ethanol extractives and ash content, was considered for the variability with respect to positions along bamboo culm height （bottom, middle and top）, parts along radial direction （inner part and outer part）and ages （1-year and 2- year）. The test results were also compared to those of moso that is commonly planted and used in China. This study indicated that both the holocellulosecontent and the lignin content in inner part were lower than ; in outer part, but for extractives and ash content, the reverse was true. Bamboo age also had effect on chemical composition; both the holocellulose content and the ash content in the culm of 1- year were higher than those of 2-year; while the lignin content and the extractive content m the culm of 1- year were higher than those of 2-year. High holocellulose content, low lignin contentand extractive content were advantages of G. amplexifolia.     

Molecular Cloning of a Cellulose Synthase Gene PtoCesA1 from Populus tomentosa and Its Genetic Transformation in Tobacco

A 3 125 bp cellulose synthase gene, PtoCesA1, which has a 98% identity to PtrCesA1 from Populus tremuloides, was cloned from cDNA prepared from secondary xylem of P tomentosa. Four anti-expression vectors with different fragments of PtoCesAl, named as pBIPF, pBICC1, pBIPR and pBIBR, were constructed. Some traits of transformed tobacco of pBICC1, pBIPR and pBIBR differed from wild types, such as small leaves, ＂dwarf＂ phenotype and thinner xylem and fiber cell walls than wild plants consistent with a loss of cellulose. It indicated that the growth of transgenic tobacco was restrained by the expression of anti-PtoCesA1. Transgenic tobacco was obtained and the contents of cellulose and lignin were analyzed as well as the width and length of fiber cells, and xylem thickness for both transgenic and control plants. Transformed tobacco showed a different phenotype from control plants and it implied that PtoCesA1 was essential for the cellulose biosynthesis in poplar stems.     

改性木质素磺酸盐固沙剂的性能及应用研究

土地荒漠化是当今世界面临的最大环境问题之一,化学防治技术是荒漠化治理的一种主要途径,其优点是成本低,见效快,施工简便.本研究制备并测试了两种代号为PALS、PMLS的固沙剂,它们是经过对造纸工业副产品木质素磺酸盐接枝改性得到的,既有助于解决造纸企业的污染问题,又达到了防沙治沙的目的.室内实验以及现场应用实验结果表明,该两种固沙剂具有较高的抗压强度,较好的抗冻融、耐老化、抗风蚀、抗水蚀等优秀性能,在乌兰布和沙漠的现场实验中,固沙效果明显,固沙成本仅为市售阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)产品的70%.