新常态下如何发展现代农业——访农业部部长韩长赋

<正>随着我国经济进入新常态、改革进入深水区、经济社会发展进入新阶段,农业发展的内外环境正在发生深刻变化,加快建设现代农业的要求更为迫切。推进现代农业发展,当前最紧迫的任务是什么?我们该如何发展现代农业?笔者就这些问题专访了农业部部长韩长赋。韩长赋表示,当前,农业部门适应新常态、推进现代农业发展,最紧迫的任务就是要大力推进农业发展方式转变和结构调整。他指出,近年来我国农业现代化加快推进,但各种风险和结构性矛盾也在积累聚集,突出表现在:农业资     

林业企业当以诚信赢天下——访中国林业产业联合会秘书长助理、中国林业产业诚信联盟筹备处负责人李志伟

转眼2013年即将过半,又是一年6月。相信很多林业人对去年6月30余家林业诚信企业井冈山诚信宣誓的震撼场景仍记忆犹新。林业产业诚信的号角已经吹响,林业产业诚信航母已扬帆起航,作为整个行业的重要事件,一年来诚信联盟做了哪些工作?进展如何?下一步如何规划?这些问题都被业界所关注。这个6月,本刊记者带着以上热点问题     

万寿菊提取物对太行鸡抗氧化能力及肠道形态的影响

本试验旨在探讨万寿菊提取物对太行鸡抗氧化能力和肠道形态的影响。选用健康状况良好且体重相近的56周龄太行鸡288只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复18只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验I、II、III组在基础日粮中分别添加100、200、300 mg/kg万寿菊提取物。预饲期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明：与对照组相比,200、300 mg/kg万寿菊提取物组太行鸡的血清丙二醛含量显著降低,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和总抗氧化能力显著升高;对于肠道形态,与对照组相比,100、200 mg/kg万寿菊提取物组太行鸡的空肠绒毛高度（VH）和绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）显著降低,200 mg/kg万寿菊提取物组的空肠隐窝深度（CD）显著升高,试验组的十二指肠VH和V/C显著降低;100、200 mg/kg万寿菊提取物组太行鸡的十二指肠CD显著升高。综上所述,日粮中添加200 mg/kg或300 mg/kg万寿菊提取物可提高太行鸡的抗氧化能力,100 mg/kg或200 mg/kg万寿菊提取物组空肠和十二指肠的VH和V/C值显著降低,CD显著升高;在本试验条件下,太行鸡日粮中推荐万寿...     

Response of grain yield and related agronomic traits of oilseed flax to diversified cropping rotations北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to identify a suitable planting pattern for oilseed flax production in a dry-farming region. A long-term field experiment was started in 2012 with a 4-year crop rotation cycle,designed to measure the effects on flax crop performance of previous crop,and various patterns of flax planting interval within the four-year rotation,compared with continuous flax cropping. Crop parameters measured included plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and the experiment included six different crop rotation patterns：Flax→flax →flax→flax［（F）FFF］;Flax→wheat→potato→flax［（F）WPF］;Flax→potato→flax→wheat［（F）PFW］;Flax→ flax→wheat→potato［（F）FWP］;Flax→wheat→flax→potato［（F）WFP］and flax→wheat→potato→wheat［（F）WPW］. Results for the ninth year showed significantly increased grain yield（29. 89%-109. 57%）in crop rotation treatments compared with continuous cropping of oilseed flax. The ranking of the six tested rotations for yield was：（F）WPW>（F）FWP>（F）WFP>（F）PFW>（F）WPF>（F）FFF. The grain yield of oilseed flax was significantly affected by previous crop,frequency and years interval of flax cropping and number of years of continuous flax cropping. Yield was increased by 54. 45%-59. 29% under wheat stubble and potato stubble compared with oilseed flax stubble,and increased by 30. 66% and 109. 57%,respectively,under 50% and 25% frequencies,compared with 100% frequency. The grain yield of oilseed flax under two-year continuous cropping was higher by 29. 89% than four-year continuous cropping,and increased with increase in years interval between flax crops. Correlation analysis identified a significantly positive correlation between oilseed flax grain yield and effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight. The effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight of oilseed flax under rotation treatment were increased by 35. 88%-108. 91%,15. 47%-46. 19% and 14. 61%-16. 34%,respectively（P<0. 05）,compared with continuous cropping. In addition,the high grain yield of oilseed flax was accompanied by an increase in plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation and these increases were,respectively,5. 11%-42. 24%,2. 77%-39. 92% and 31. 25%-117. 89% under the rotation regimes,compared with continuous cropping. Reduction in the number of years of continuous cropping years,change of crop stubble,decreased flax planting frequency and increased of interval between flax crops also improved flax crop performance. In summary,crop rotation improved the vigor of oilseed flax,resulting in greater plant height and stem diameter,improved dry matter accumulation and distribution,leading to increased branch number,effective capsule number and 1000-seed weight,and increase in the crop yield of oilseed flax. The results indicated that a multiple-crop rotation pattern was an effective way to avoid the yield reduction caused by continuous cropping in oilseed flax. The rotation： Flax→wheat→potato→wheat performed best among those tested and can be recommended as an appropriate cropping rotation for oilseed flax production in the dry region of northwest China. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

大学生就业的心理指导与职业规划

笔者根据近年来大学生就业所面临的困难,在心理调适与今后的职业规划等方面做出指导,希望大学生能正确面对就业问题,早日找到令人满意的工作,并在工作岗位上实现自己的社会与个人价值。     

河蟹市场调查与分析

1河蟹市场现状分析 70年代到80年代河蟹人工育苗研究获得成功,到了90年代形成了大规模、工厂化的育苗生产,全国河蟹养殖业的发展在此基础上得到了推动.几年来,随着河蟹产业的推进,河蟹养殖面积不断扩大,产量不断增加,价格在下降,河蟹规格大小造成价格之间显著差异成为河蟹市场的重要特色.随着人民生活水平的提高,河蟹已由高档消费逐步转向大众化,而且消费者越来越关心产品的品质,对绿色食品和无公害食品比较欢迎.     

羊脂制取肥皂的工艺研究

对从羊脂中制取肥皂的工艺条件进行了研究,经过净化、皂化、盐析等工艺制取出具有广阔市场前景和经济效益的化工产品肥皂。     

百草枯污染土壤的微生物生态效应

研究了除草剂百草枯在3种不同浓度下对土壤微生物的种群数量及其部分活性的影响。结果表明,施用百草枯对土壤微生物有明显的影响。0.05￣5mg/kg的百草枯在施药后30d内,真菌种群严重被抑制;硝化细菌种群和纤维素分解菌种群均呈刺激效应;低浓度的百草枯刺激土壤细菌和放线菌种群的生长,而高浓度的百草枯则抑制其生长。结果同时表明,百草枯对土壤硝化作用和纤维素分解强度的影响均表现为刺激效应。随着加药时间的延长,这种刺激或抑制作用又逐渐恢复或接近正常水平。     

烹饪化学的多媒体教学

烹饪化学课程是目前三年制高职高专烹饪专业教学中的一门重要的专业基础课。该课程的目的是使学生了解烹饪原材料中主要成分的结构与性质,这些成分之间的相互作用,这些组成在食品加工和保藏中的变化(物理变化、化学变化和生物化学变化),以及这些变化和作用对产品色、香、味、质构、营     

石膏水提物在高温下对小鼠小肠结构的影响

选用42-56周龄BALB/C小鼠150只,随机分为常温对照、热应激、高温石膏用药3组,每组50只。用药组小鼠每日灌喂石膏水提物0.25 mL/只,2次/d;高温和低温对照组小鼠每日灌喂等量的生理盐水,每天2次,在试验的1,4,6,9 d结束后,每组随机挑出6只小鼠(雌雄各半)处死,分别采取十二指肠、空肠、回肠样品进行肠绒毛测定。结果表明:热应激会使小鼠的小肠绒毛长度变短,其中对十二指肠影响最大,回肠最小;石膏水提物能在高温下对小肠起到保护作用,使绒毛长度增长,其中以空肠效果最为明显。