Discrimination between Japanese and Chinese Products using trace elements concentration of kernel in pickled Japanese apricot

pp. 875–880

The trace-element composition of kernel in pickled Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) was determined using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer in order to distinguish between Japanese products and Chinese products.

Strontium and barium concentrations in the kernels of Chinese products were 10 or more times those of the Japanese ones. When based on 8.0 mg kg^?1 of strontium concentration in kernel, 93.2% of sample was distinguished as Japanese products or Chinese ones.

Applying principal component analysis using 9 elements (Mn, Zn, Fe, Ni, Ba, Sr, Cu, Co, Cr), the pickled Japanese apricots tend to separate into two countries. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) using 9 elements allowed a reasonable classification of pickled Japanese apricots according to the country of production.

The result of the analysis of K-nearest neighbors (KNN) was better than that of LDA.     

应用基因芯片检测动物性食品中主要致病菌

依据16SrDNA、23SrDNA上的恒定区和可变区设计7种致病菌的通用引物和特异性寡核苷酸探针，并对探针5’端进行氨基化修饰进行基因芯片共价结合，然后优化杂交反应液、芯片点样及后处理程序，研制出一种可同时检测动物性食品中7种主要致病菌的基因芯片。结果表明，7种致病菌的基因芯片杂交检测灵敏度可达10^2cfu／g，与经典传统检测方法及分子生物学、免疫学方法相比该方法特异性强，准确率高，可同时检测动物性食品中7种致病菌。     

Introductions of non-native plant pathogens into Great Britain, 1970–2004

An analysis of records of plant pathogens first identified in Great Britain from 1970 to 2004 (inclusive) was undertaken to determine the numbers of new species that have become established over time. Results show that the numbers of newly recorded pathogens have not varied significantly. Of the 234 pathogens recorded for the first time between 1970 and 2004, 157 were fungi, 27 were oomycetes, 26 were viruses, 23 were bacteria, and one was a phytoplasma. Approximately 53% of pathogens were found on ornamental crops, 16% on horticultural crops, 15% on wild native species, 12% on agricultural crops, 2% on pasture plants and 2% on exotic forestry tree species. Where the origin of introductions was known or strongly suspected, 47% came from the Netherlands. About 38% of newly recorded pathogens with information on the location of first record were discovered in the South East region of England. Plant Pathologists regarded 19% of all new pathogens as important because of actual or potential economic/environmental losses. The results indicate that the numbers of new or important pathogens establishing in recent years are not increasing and that most new findings are associated with ornamental plants.     

变叶海棠变异类型的初步研究

应用形象化散点图研究变叶海棠的起源和进化。结果表明,其变异类型可能系变叶海棠和陇东海棠或花叶海棠之间的天然杂交种,该假设需要用现代新方法来证实。     

鸭源流感病毒感染对鸡和家鸭红细胞免疫功能的影响

采用商品来航鸡、樱桃谷鸭分别接种鸭源流感病毒株Ａ／ｄｕｃｋ／Ｎａｎｊｉｎｇ／２１／９５（Ｈ９Ｈ？），研究了禽流感病毒（ＡＩＶ）感染对红细胞免疫功能的影响。结果发现，流感发生与红细胞ＣＲ１花环率之间存在着反向关系；正常鸭的红细胞ＣＲ１花环率极显高于正常鸡的红细胞ＣＲ１花环率，即使接种ＡＩＶ后，鸭红细胞ＣＲ１花环率有所下降，但也显著高于正常鸡的红细胞ＣＲ１花环率，这些结果表明，鸭的红细胞免疫功能在一定     

Assessment of genetic diversity of cultivated chickpea using microsatellite-derived RFLP markers: Implications for origin

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed on 30 accessions of cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) collected from 11 different countries representing the Near East, Central Asian and Hindustani regions. A synthetic digoxygenated oligonucleotide (GATA)₄ complementary to a microsatellite DNA sequence was used as a probe. The results revealed that simple repetitive sequences are abundant and polymorphic in the chickpea genome. The fragments detected were used lo estimate the genetic diversity within accessions and a similarity index between the genotypes of the accessions. The genetic distance data were used to construct a dendrogram depicting genetic relationships among the different accessions. The results indicate that the greatest genetic diversity occurs in Pakistan, Iraq, Afghanistan, south-east Russia, Turkey and Lebanon. Lower genetic diversity was found in Iran, India, Syria, Jordan and Palestine, Based on DNA markers, it is concluded that there are three centres of diversity for chickpea: Pakistan-Afghanistan. Iraq Turkey and Lebanon. India, which was previously considered as a secondary center of diversity for chickpea, showed lower diversity than the above regions.     

线粒体DNA的研究及其应用

线粒体是真核生物细胞内的一种重要而独特的细胞器,为细胞的活动提供能量。线粒体DNA是哺乳动物细胞内唯一存在的核外遗传物质,是核外遗传研究的热点,目前已取得了瞩目的成就,就线粒体DNA的研究及其在动物以及人类中的应用进行综述。     

Fossil history and modern distribution of the genus Abies (Pinaceae)

The plants of the genus Abies are dominant and key species in the dark coniferous forest in the Northern Hemisphere. There are 52 species, one subspecies and 12 varieties in the genus Abies in the world. The history and modern distribution of Abies were discussed. The genus has three modern distribution centers: South Europe, North America and East Asia. These areas are also rich in fossil records. The vertical distribution regions of Abies are from sea level to an elevation of 4,700 m, concentrated in 1,000–2,000 m (15 species). In China, the genus distributes in 20 provinces, especially abundant in the Hengduan Mountains. Meanwhile, endemic and relic phenomena are obvious in this genus. There are seven relic species with both limited individuals and limited distributed regions. Based on the fossil records and the latest phylogenetic data, the following hypothesis was proposed: Abies originated from the middle and high altitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the middle Cretaceous and it was dispersed southward in the Eocene due to global climate cooling down. The distribution of Abies was deeply influenced by geological events such as the uplift of Himalaya, the Alps, the Rocky Mountains, the occurrence of the Asian Monsoon as well as the Quaternary glaciers. Finally, the current distribution pattern appeared in the Quaternary. The genus Abies has a fossil history and modern distribution pattern similar to that of Cathaya and Pseudolarix. __________ Translated from Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 2006, 28(5): 439–452 [译自: 云南植物研究]     

DNA技术在木材来源鉴定中的应用

DNA技术在木材树种鉴别和产地鉴定方面有较高的准确性,可用于提高木材合法性检验的可信度和木制品产销链跟踪,具有国际通用性和可行性.然而由于DNA技术特点和木材特性,其实际应用尚有一定难度.未来还需加大投资和研发力度,尽快建立公共数据库,发挥其在合法木材贸易中的重要作用.     

芋种质资源研究进展与展望

芋作为一种重要的粮菜兼用作物,是世界上分布最广的作物之一,被称为第五大根茎作物,具有重要的食疗和医疗价值,近年来芋产业的发展对促进市县农业发展和农民增收起到重要作用,对芋种质资源保护和利用的研究也越来越受到重视。从芋的起源与分布,芋种质资源的收集、保存与分类,芋种质资源的遗传多样性研究,芋种质资源创新与新品种选育,芋的病害研究,以及芋头的利用及功效研究等方面进行了综述,分析了目前芋种质资源研究存在的问题并提出展望。芋头的种植面积、产量和产值保持总体上升的趋势,但是优异种质鉴评技术与基础研究较薄弱,芋种质创新工作不够深入,芋生产上病害严重的问题尚未得到解决,生产上缺乏抗病品种,杂交育种尚处于起步阶段。提出应进一步加强芋种质资源的收集保存和创新利用研究、大力推广芋脱毒种苗的生产应用、加快开展芋连作障碍研究和芋杂交新品种选育等对策。