旧院黑鸡染色体组型及G带研究

对旧院黑鸡的染色体组型和Ｇ－显带模式研究表明，旧院黑鸡与普通家鸡的染色体数一致，Ｇ一带相同，第１，３和７对染色体发生了结构变异，可能是染色体臂间倒位和不等易位似可作为旧院黑鸡染色体组型的参考特征。     

怀头鲇的核型分析

根据对100个中期分裂相染色体的计数结果,确定怀头鲇Sihurus soldatovi的2倍染色体数为2n=58。由所测得的核型参数和Levan等提出的染色体划分标准得出：中部着丝点染色体（m）为12对;亚中部着丝点染色体（sm）为8对;端部着丝点染色体（t）为2对;亚端部着丝点染色体（st）为7对。染色体总臂数（NF）为98,怀头鲇的核型公式为2n=58=24m＋16sin＋14st＋4t。     

新疆额尔齐斯河流域白斑狗鱼的染色体核型分析

采用PHA和秋水仙素胸腔体内注射法,以头肾组织为材料,低渗-空气干燥法制片,对取自新疆额尔齐斯河流域白斑狗鱼的染色体核型进行了分析。经对5尾白斑狗鱼的45个中期分裂相进行显微分析和测量,结果显示:白斑狗鱼的25对染色体均为端部着丝粒染色体,其核型公式为2n=50 t,NF=50。白斑狗鱼染色体大小的绝对值为0.96~1.36μm,平均长度为1.20μm。25对染色体相对长度大小依次递减,大小差异较显著,平均值为5.68。目前,对新疆额尔齐斯白斑狗鱼的染色体组型研究尚未见报道。     

Comparative Analysis of Genomes in Oryza sativa, O.officinalis, and O. meyeriana with C0t-1 DNA and Genomic DNA of Cultivated Rice

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) were applied to somatic chromosomes preparations of Oryza sativa, O. officinalis, and O. meyeriana with labeled probes of C0t-1 DNA and genomic DNA from the cultivated rice. The coverage percentage (%) and size (Mb) of C0t-1 DNA in O. sativa, O. officinalis, and O. meyeriana were 47.1 ±0.16, 38.61 ±0.13, 44.38±0.13, and 212.33± 1.21,269.42 ± 0.89, 532.56± 1.68 Mb, respectively. The coverage percentage and size of genomic DNA from O. sativa in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were 91.0, 93.6% and 634, 1 123 Mb, respectively, in which 365 and 591 Mb in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were from O. sativa genomic DNA, but not from repetitive sequences of O. sativa, and the uncoverage genome size in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were 64 and 78 Mb, respectively. In addition, karyotype analysis was conducted based on the signal bands of C0t-1 DNA in O. sativa, O. officinalis, and O. meyeriana. The results showed that highly and moderately repetitive sequences in Oryza genus were conserved as the functional genes during evolution. The repetitive sequences reduplication may be one of the important causes of the genome enlargement of O. officinalis and O. meyeriana, and O. officinalis genome enlarged more slowly when compared with O. meyeriana. Based on the above results, it is concluded that O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were formed by reduplication, rearrangement, and gene selective loss during the evolution process.     

青海湖裸鲤的核型研究

采用PHA和秋水仙素体内注射制备青海湖裸(鲤Gymnocypris przewalskii)的染色体。结果表明,青海湖裸鲤染色体由92条染色体组成,按着丝粒位置可分为四组,m组有16对中部着丝粒染色体,sm组有11对亚中部着丝粒染色体,st组有12对染色体,t组有11对染色体,每个染色体均有相应的同源染色体。青海湖裸鲤的2n=92,NF=146,其核型公式为:2n=32m+22sm+24st+14t。结果表明,青海湖裸鲤的核型与其他裸鲤有相似之处。     

三色堇染色体核型分析

三色堇(garden pansy)Viola tricolor var. hortensis体细胞染色体数2n=2x=26,核型公式是2n=26=14m(4SAT) 6sm 2st 4T,按Stebbins核型分类原则,三色堇核型属于2C型,在进化上属于进化程度高的类型。     

泡泡果的染色体核型分析

观察了泡泡果(Asim ina triloba(L.)Dunal)的染色体并进行了核型分析,结果表明:其核型公式为:2 n=2 x=16=14 sm(2 SAT) 2 st,第8对染色体上有1对明显大于短臂的大随体。按Stebb ins的核型分类标准,它属“3 B”型,较不对称,为较进化的类型。     

8种蜡梅的染色体研究

以根尖和茎尖细胞对８种蜡梅进行了染色体组型分析，结果表明，全部种类的染色体基数都是１１，染色体绝对长度７．０２～３．２２μｍ，其核型公式有３种，美国蜡梅为２ｎ＝２２＝２２ｍ，西南蜡梅长２ｎ＝２２＝２０ｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋２ｓｍ，西美蜡梅、夏蜡梅，蜡梅，突托蜡梅，山蜡梅和柳叶蜡梅均为２ｎ＝２２＝２０ｍ＋２ｓｍ。比较组型的对称性，夏蜡梅属比蜡梅属更原始，而在两属中又以美国蜡梅和柳叶蜡梅分别为属内最原始的种     

棋斑游蛇的染色体组型分析

本文报导了棋斑游蛇(Natrix tessellata)的染色体组型。棋斑游蛇的性染色体是异型性染色体,二倍体染色体数(2n)=34,有8、对大型染色体(Macrochromosome),9对小型染色体(Microchromosome)。棋斑游蛇与同属的其它两种蛇相比,在染色体组型上差异甚大,达到了属级水平。因此,可考虑将其归类于另一个属。     

象草和巨菌草的核型分析

为巨菌草的种质鉴定、遗传育种和亲缘关系提供一定的细胞学基础,采用传统压片法,对象草(Pennisetum purpureum schumach)和巨菌草〔Pennisetum giganteum z.x.lin(暂定名)〕的染色体数目及核型进行分析。结果表明:象草和巨菌草的染色体形态较为一致,大部分由中部(m)和近中部(sm)着丝粒的染色体组成,象草和巨菌草的核型公式分别为2n=4x=28=20m+8sm和2n=4x=28=16m+8sm+4st;染色体相对长度组成分别为2n=4x=28=6L+6M2+10M1+6S和2n=4x=28=4L+8M2+10 M1+6S,染色体基数和总数目一致,核型分类均为2A型,不对称系数为58%~60%,均属于较原始的类型。结论:象草和巨菌草的的染色体无明显差异性,从细胞染色体水平上认为两者亲缘关系较近。