生活垃圾焚烧炉渣分选处理工艺研究

通过一个实例,分析介绍了生活垃圾焚烧炉渣分选处理的一种工艺。实践证明:综合利用破碎、筛分、磁力分选、跳汰分选、摇床分选等固废处理技术,对炉渣进行分选预处理,可有效回收利用Fe、Cu、Al等废旧金属,有效分离收集未燃尽的剩余垃圾,并妥善处理,从而使炉渣的性质满足资源化利用的技术要求,变废为宝。     

垃圾发电项目大气污染特征及环境影响评价--以江苏省张家港市某垃圾发电项目为例

[目的]研究垃圾发电项目的大气污染特征及其对大气环境质量的影响。[方法]以江苏省张家港市某垃圾发电项目为案例,在分析其工艺流程、排污环节和前期污染的基础上,采用AERMOD模型定量模拟评价该垃圾发电项目对区域大气环境质量的影响程度。[结果]SO_2、NO_2、HCl、HF、H_2S和NH_3的小时平均最大落地浓度分别为7.84、16.53、0.16、0.17、21.23和3.61μg/m~3;PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2、HCl和HF污染物日均最大落地浓度分别为6.52、0.11、2.84、0.28和0.30μg/m~3,相应占标率分别为4.35%、0.07%、3.54%、0.19%和0.43%;PM_(10)、SO_2和NO_2年平均最大落地浓度分别为0.78、0.21和0.44μg/m~3,占标率分别为1.12%、0.35%和1.10%。[结论]该项目总排放的各污染物对区域年均浓度最大贡献值均可达标。     

城市垃圾焚烧的二次污染及其控制

指出了焚烧法是一种热处理城市垃圾的方法,具有减容效果好、消毒彻底、处理效率高、有利于实现资源化等优点。但焚烧法所造成的二次污染问题在一定程度上也限制了焚烧技术的应用和发展。探讨了城市垃圾焚烧二次污染控制技术,包括废气、焚烧灰渣、废水、噪声、恶臭等。通过源头控制、末端处理、监管监测等措施,最终实现城市垃圾焚烧处理减量化、无害化、资源化。     

A study on the incineration product and reaction process of TFT liquid crystal

The incineration reaction process of TFT liquid crystal is speculated according to the weight loss character and analysis results of incineration production. It is indicated that the 90% weight is loss from 150 ℃ to 380 ℃ in the incineration process of TFT liquid crystal, which is composed of some monomer compounds. Decomposition reaction first occurs in the process of incineration process. The order of decomposition product lies on the chemical bond energy of monomer compound. The production of radical alkyl and radical aromatic in decomposition process are unstable. Radical alkyl is decompounded hydrocarbon that has much less carbon atom, such as propylene. Decomposition reaction of radical aromatic continues and defluorinate happens with temperature rise. The synthesize reaction occurs between the decomposition production. The production is admixture composed of different aromatic compounds in low temperature. PAHs and HF are observed in high incineration temperature. The mostly incineration production of TFT liquid crystal are venomousness and injurant, so it is not suitable to treat TFT liquid crystal with incineration.     

微生物固化垃圾焚烧灰渣强度试验

垃圾焚烧灰渣(底渣和飞灰)是生活垃圾焚烧发电后的残余固体废弃物,对其进行固化处理和资源化利用是减少该类固体废弃物占用填埋场资源的重要途径。笔者利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积固化细粒底渣和飞灰,通过微生物注浆试验研究菌液浓度、胶结液浓度和处理轮数对垃圾焚烧灰渣胶结CaCO3生成量及强度的影响。结果表明,底渣和飞灰都具有一定的水硬性,其水硬固化体的无侧限抗压强度分别为174.46和381.73 kPa。底渣经微生物注浆处理2~10轮后的无侧限抗压强度较水硬固化体分别提高了35.8%~120.0%,飞灰经微生物注浆处理2~10轮后的无侧限抗压强度较水硬固化体则分别提高了9.5%~48.8%。随胶结溶液浓度的增大,微生物固化底渣和飞灰中的CaCO3生成量和无侧限抗压强度提高,但试样的可注性降低。稀释比1∶50、菌液比1∶100的菌液更利于底渣和飞灰胶结强度的提高,未稀释菌液固化效果差。与微生物固化天然砂土和粉土相比,微生物固化底渣和飞灰的无侧限抗压强度随CaCO3含量增加的增幅较缓,微生物固化垃圾焚烧灰渣的胶结效率略低。试验结果证明,微生物固化能有效改善垃圾焚烧灰渣强度的特性,微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积技术在垃圾焚烧灰渣固化处理方面具有一定的发展潜力。     

假劣农药焚烧处置技术探讨

假劣农药具有毒害性,对生态环境造成了很大影响,也时对人体健康产生了威胁。假劣农药可以通过合适的预处理方法,然后进行焚烧处置,最大限度地降低和去除农药中的有毒有害物质,同时通过焚烧来减少农药的容积或体积,还能充分利用焚烧过程的热能资源。本文主要对假劣农药的危害和处置技术进行了阐述,以供参考。     

基于垃圾组分和粒径分布的垃圾处理模式

为探究生活垃圾中厨余类物质种类和热值在不同粒径段的分布规律,确定基于该粒径分布特征的处理模式,以北京南城地区2个转运站收集的生活垃圾为研究对象,将混合垃圾细分为<10,10～<20,20～<30,30～<40,40～<50,50～<60,60～<70,70～<80以及≥80 mm 9个粒径组,分析了不同粒径段垃圾的物理组成、含水率和热值的关系,应用模糊聚类分析法,确定了适合粒径属性的筛分工艺、处理技术和最终处理模式,并以现有筛分工艺为对比,分析了2种筛分工艺物料最终归宿的差异。研究结果表明,含水率和厨余垃     

医疗废物处置过程中相关问题的探讨

医院废物的处置工作是保证人民身体健康和环境的重要因素,同时也是经济可持续发展战略的重要保证。为此,针对我国2003年遭受突如其来的非典型肺炎的袭击,对医院废物处置工作中的一系列问题进行分析研究。现阶段处置医疗废物的有效措施是:积极推行无害化废物焚烧,防止二次污染;做好新形势下医疗废物管理工作,推动医疗废物焚烧健康发展;合理利用余热以及医疗废物的资源化。     

Multifaceted Approach for Characterization of Solid Residues from Sludge Incineration

The Italian Water Research Institute (IRSA) carried out sludge incineration tests on a demonstrative plant equipped with a circulating fluidized bed furnace. Aim of this paper is to present the potential applicability of non-conventional techniques for solid residues characterization. Results of five tests performed under different operating conditions are discussed. Incineration solid residues were sampled from the cyclone, downstream the furnace (cyclone ash, CA), and from the bag filter (filter ash, FA). Different techniques were used by the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department of the Roma TRE University, which cooperated with IRSA in the research project, to characterize incineration products and to correlate with process parameters. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique was used to estimate the amount of sand, lost from the furnace, in CA and FA samples. Particle size distribution was measured using Low Angle Laser Light Scattering (LALLS). Scanning Electron Microscopy associated with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) was used to correlate size and shape of individual particles with chemical composition.This multifaceted approach to characterize incineration residues appears promising, providing additional and complementary information to the traditional chemical characterization.