腐霉·啶酰菌65%水分散粒剂液相色谱定量分析

建立了在同一色谱条件下测定混剂中啶酰菌胺和腐霉利含量的方法。采用200mm×4.60mm(i.d.)SinoChrom ODS-BP柱分离,以乙腈-水(体积比为60∶40)为流动相,在225nm紫外检测波长下,经保留时间定性确证,峰面积外标法进行定量分析。结果表明:啶酰菌胺与腐霉利的线性相关系数分别为0.999 9和0.999 9;变异系数分别为0.34%和0.59%;平均加标回收率分别为99.32%和99.20%。     

啶酰菌胺类似物的合成及抑菌活性

为了筛选具有更高杀菌活性的化合物,在啶酰菌胺结构的基础上,设计合成了2个系列共计21个新的2-氯烟酰胺类化合物（3a～3h,5a～5n）,其结构均通过核磁共振氢谱、碳谱及高分辨质谱确认。离体杀菌活性测定结果表明,在50 μg/mL下,多数目标化合物对供试7种病原菌表现出一定的抑制活性,其中化合物3h对西瓜炭疽病菌Colletotrichum orbiculare和番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的抑制率分别为94.1%和95.6%。精密毒力测定表明,3h对棉花立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani、西瓜炭疽病菌和番茄晚疫病菌Phytophthora infestans的EC50值分别为4.56、14.35和58.86 μg/mL,总体活性与啶酰菌胺相当,具有进一步研究的价值。     

Multiple resistance of Botrytis cinerea from kiwifruit to SDHIs,QoIs and fungicides of other chemical groups

BACKGROUND: Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr. is a high‐risk pathogen for fungicide resistance development that has caused resistance problems on many crops throughout the world. This study investigated the fungicide sensitivity profile of isolates from kiwifruits originating from three Greek locations with different fungicide use histories. Sensitivity was measured by in vitro fungitoxicity tests on artificial nutrient media. RESULTS: Seventy‐six single‐spore isolates were tested for sensitivity to the SDHI fungicide boscalid, the QoI pyraclostrobin, the anilinopyrimidine cyprodinil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the dicarboxamide iprodione and the benzimidazole carbendazim. All isolates from Thessaloniki showed resistance to both boscalid and pyraclostrobin, while in the other two locations the fungal population was sensitive to these two fungicides. Sensitive isolates showed EC₅₀ values to boscalid and pyraclostrobin ranging from 0.9 to 5.2 and from 0.04 to 0.14 mg L^?1 respectively, while the resistant isolates showed EC₅₀ values higher than 50 mg L^?1 for boscalid and from 16 to > 50 mg L^?1 for pyraclostrobin. All QoI‐resistant isolates carried the G143A mutation in cytb. Sensitivity determinations to the remaining fungicides revealed in total eight resistance phenotypes. No isolates were resistant to the fungicides fenhexamid and fludioxonil. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of B. cinerea field isolates with resistance to both boscalid and pyraclostrobin, and it strongly suggests that there may be a major problem in controlling this important pathogen on kiwifruit. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

啶酰菌胺与氟啶胺复配物对水稻纹枯病菌和草莓灰霉病菌的增效作用研究

为探明啶酰菌胺与氟啶胺复配物对水稻纹枯病菌和草莓灰霉病菌的增效潜力,采用菌丝生长速率法测定啶酰菌胺和氟啶胺复配物对水稻纹枯病菌和草莓灰霉病菌的抑制效果,并根据Wadley方法评价复配物增效作用。结果表明:啶酰菌胺和氟啶胺对水稻纹枯病菌均具有抑制作用,其EC50分别为0.483 6μg/mL和0.054 1μg/mL。将啶酰菌胺和氟啶胺按照1∶5、1∶4、1∶3、1∶2、1∶1、2∶3、3∶2、5∶1、4∶1、3∶1和2∶1的比例进行复配,结果表明:按照1∶2、3∶2、5∶1、4∶1、3∶1和2∶1复配对水稻纹枯病菌均具有增效作用,其中以3∶1和3∶2比例复配增效最佳,增效系数分别为7.7和5.46;以1∶1、1∶3、1∶4、1∶5和2∶3复配对水稻纹枯病菌具有相加作用。啶酰菌胺和氟啶胺对草莓灰霉病菌也具有抑制作用,其EC50分别为1.637 1μg/mL和0.028 3μg/mL。将啶酰菌胺和氟啶胺按照上述相同11种比例进行复配,结果显示比例为1∶5、1∶4、1∶1、5∶1、4∶1等8种复配物对草莓灰霉病菌具有相加作用,其中以2∶1和1∶2比例复配相加效果最佳,增效系数分别为1.30和1.00,但比例为3∶2等其他比例复配则对草莓灰霉病菌表现出拮抗作用。