青稞散黑穗病拮抗菌LN-176的分离鉴定、发酵条件及发酵产物的研究

从西藏佩古错湖湖边的土壤中分离到一株对青稞散黑穗病菌具有较强抑制作用的细菌,经鉴定为多粘芽孢杆菌,命名为LN-176。该菌株对多种植物病原真菌、部分革兰氏阳性细菌及革兰氏阴性细菌有较好的拮抗作用。以10%的接种量将该菌接种到初始pH7.0的发酵培养基中,28℃旋转培养,发酵液在84h时抗菌活性达到最高,且具有较好的热稳定性和pH稳定性,对蛋白酶K有一定的耐受性。LN-176菌株的发酵液在260nm和280nm下进行吸光度测定,结果表明发酵液中蛋白质含量明显升高;发酵液经硫酸铵盐析后,取上清液和沉淀物分别做抗菌试验,发现沉淀物对青稞散黑穗病菌有拮抗活性而上清液无活性。     

牛蒡叶内绿原酸抑制植物病原真菌的研究

牛蒡叶内绿原酸经聚酰氨层析法纯化后,对7种植物病原真菌孢子萌发的影响及其对黄瓜枯萎病和辣椒疫病的防效研究表明,绿原酸对7种植物病原真菌孢子的萌发均有一定的抑制作用,抑制效果因病原菌的不同而存在着明显差异。绿原酸对疫霉菌和葫芦刺盘孢孢子萌发的抑制作用最为明显,在较低浓度时即可造成孢子萌发的明显畸变;对葡萄孢菌孢子萌发的影响最小,只能在较高浓度下延长其孢子萌发时间。盆栽防治试验表明,绿原酸对黄瓜枯萎病的相对防效可达50%以上,显著高于对照;大棚防治试验表明,绿原酸对黄瓜枯萎病和辣椒疫病也有良好的防治效果。     

不同配方存活基质对生防菌ANIT-8908A保存、防效和土壤定殖力的影响

研究了豆饼粉、泥碳土、木屑、KCl和尿素按不同配比制成的4种配方的存活基质对生防菌ANIT-8098A在室内的保存、田间防效和土壤定殖能力的影响。试验结果表明:用8.0%豆饼粉、46.0%泥炭土、40.0%木屑、5.0%KCl、1.0%尿素制成的生防菌制剂ANIT-3号存活基质对生防菌ANIT-8098A室内保存效果最好,经90 d后保存率仍高达83.33%;生防菌制剂ANIT-3号在田间对茄子青枯病的防效最高,达100.00%;生防菌制剂ANIT-3号对生防菌ANTI-8098A在土壤中定殖力的促进效果也最高,药后40 d定殖率为11.2%。     

烟草赤星病拮抗菌株B75产生抗菌物质的条件

从烟草根际分离筛选到一株可产生抗烟草赤星病菌物质的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株B75。在以NB培养液进行试验时发现，B75在对数生长的中期开始产生抗菌物质，在生长的衰退期前存在一个产生抗菌物质的高峰期；在25～50℃、pH4．0～8．5范围内均可产生抗菌物质，其中30℃和pH6．0的培养条件下最适。不同的装液量试验结果表明，在三角瓶装液量为100ml／500ml时，是B75菌株菌体生长及产生抗菌物质的最适宜量。不同的碳、氮源试验结果表明，甘露醇、酵母膏最有利于B75菌株菌体生长，且产生的抗菌物质抑菌活性较强。     

生防菌SF-193对空心莲子草防除效果及其影响因子的研究

摘要：在室内控制条件下，测定了SF-193菌株培养液对空心莲子草的致病力；在田间小区试验的条件下，测定了SF-193对空心莲子草的防除效果，以及不同因子对SF-193除草效果的影响程度。结果表明，SF-193培养3～5d的培养液具有最强的致病力；最佳接种体为含有菌丝体的培养液；田间有效接种浓度为10倍稀释液，室内有效接种浓度为25倍稀释液；适宜SF-193对空心莲子致病的最佳温度为25～30％；高湿条件下SF-193致病过程加快。SF-193对不同生长季节和不同生境下的空心莲子草均有较好的防除效果。     

甜核·苏云菌对水稻二化螟的防效

为减少化学农药在稻田的使用,在四川新都进行了2种生物农药混配制剂〖CD*2〗甜核·苏云菌防治水稻二化螟试验和示范。结果表明：采用PB 16手动喷雾器防治试验,甜核·苏云菌对水稻二化螟的枯心、白穗和虫伤株的防治效果分别为98.0%、99.56%和99.29%,采用东〖CD*2〗18机动喷雾器喷雾示范,甜核·苏云菌对二化螟的枯心、白穗和虫伤株的防治效果分别为96.44%、97.83%和96.69%,效果良好,可以在大面积生产中推广应用。     

园林菟丝子生防真菌喷施条件的研究

研究了溶睦真菌孢子萌发和温度对菌种致病性的影响。结果表明,２％蔗糖可提高细交链孢孢子的萌发率,１‰吐温能使茶褐斑拟盘多毛孢孢子提前萌发并提高萌发率,对于半裸镰孢孢子,２％蔗糖,１‰吐温和无菌水３处理间差异不显著。各菌种的致病性随温度升高而加强,半裸镰孢和细交链孢可以在相对较低的温度下实现侵染。     

黄瓜苗期猝倒病生物防治

通过盆栽和田间小区试验,研究了生防菌对黄瓜苗期猝倒病的防治效果。盆栽试验中,生防菌株CR56对甲霜灵高抗病原菌株Pythium ultimum ONCURO1和敏感菌株P.spinosum MP43419的防效分别为94.4％和51.4％;生防菌CUC8对两者防效分别为0.0％和61.9％;在供试的19株生防细菌中,有11株格兰氏阴性菌对ONCURO1的防效好于对MP43419,有5株格兰氏阳性菌对MP43419防效则好于对ONCURO1。田间小区试验中,生防菌株PEP66在浙大菜圃和弄口菜地对黄瓜苗期猝倒病的防效分别为35.8％和18.5％,但R2在两地的防效分别为14.3％和84.4％。供试的11株生防菌中,有10株在弄口菜地对黄瓜苗期猝倒病的防效优于在浙大菜圃。结果显示出生防菌的防效与供试土壤中病原种类和种群数量有密切的关系。     

应用苹果蠹蛾线虫防治荔枝龟背天牛幼虫的研究

荔枝龟背天牛Ａｒｉｓｔｏｂｉａ ｔｅｓｔｕｄｏ（Ｖｏｅｔ）是岭南重要经济果品荔枝的重要钻蛀害虫，现用的防治手段效果欠佳。１９８８－１９９３年间，作者利用苹果蠹蛾线虫Ｓｔｅｉｎｅｒｎｅｍａ ｃａｒｐｏｃａｐｓａｅ的Ａｇｒｉｏｔｅｓ品系注射于受害枝条末端排粪孔，试验面积约２０ｈａ，防治效果达７３．３％－１００％。研究证明，应用苹果蠹蛾线虫防治龟背天牛是一种有效的新途径。     

Assessment of Non-chemical Alternatives for Controlling the Burrowing Nematode on Banana in Costa Rica

The objective of this study was to technically and economically assess the effect of biopesticides on the serious plant parasitic nematode Radopholus similis on banana in Costa Rica. The following treatments were evaluated： a mixture of nematode trapping fungi-Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. botryospora, Dactylella brochophaga and Drechmeria coniospora; DiTera DF which consist of a ＂dead＂ fungus Myrothecium spp. and its fermentation substrate; Savitan produced from desert plant extracts; QL Agri which contain Quillaja saponaria extracts; Japanese-style compost called Bokashi; two application of a chemical nematicide; and an absolute control. Results of root sampling on a six month basis showed that the biopesticides had lower nematode population densities than the control with the nematode trapping-fungi having statistically significant differences over the other treatments. Chemical control was highly effective and produced the lowest nematode density. However, there were no significant differences between the chemical treatment and the trapping-fungi treatment. The functional root weight and bunch weight showed no significant differences between treatments. Conversely, economic analyses indicated that using nematode trapping-fungi, chemical nematieide, or the QL Agri treatments gave a detectable profit. The land expectation value （LEV） of the banana plantation was higher than the price of banana land which indicated that under normal conditions in the banana sector, production is economically sustainable / profitable. Other results confirm that profit in banana production is affected by the price of a banana box, production and discount rate. The optimal production cycle was obtained in year ten after farm establishment, which refers to the year with the highest profit following plantation renewal. Finally, economical results highlighted the importance of nematodes control, since profitability indexes were sensitive to the efficiency and cost of nematode management technology adopted by the banana company.