硅对土壤外源镉活性和玉米吸收镉的影响

 通过土培试验，研究了外源硅对土壤镉形态组成的影响，以及与玉米吸镉量的关系。结果表明，经0.1和1.0 mmol·kg-1（以CdSO4·8/3H2O加入）镉处理的土壤加入2.0 g·kg-1 硅酸钠（以Na2SiO3·9H2O加入，pH调至6.0）后可显著减轻镉对玉米的毒害，降低玉米吸镉量。加硅处理显著降低土壤中的交换态和铁锰结合态镉量，但显著提高碳酸盐结合态和残渣态镉的量。硅降低镉对玉米毒害的机制之一是硅改变了根外土壤中镉的形态，降低了镉的活性和生物有效性。     

Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence for rapid potassium,calcium, and chloride diagnosis in barley

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Doriru) leaf samples were collected from a field comprising three plots, plot F chemical fertilizer treated, plot S receiving sewage sludge and sawdust mixed compost, and plot H receiving sewage sludge and rice husk mixed compost. Relative concentrations of selected elements, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and chloride (Cl) of young, mature, and old barley leaves were determined by microscopic energy dispersing X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The objective of this investigation was to verify the applicability of EDXRF for rapid nutrient element diagnosis of plants. Typically whole leaves were washed in deionized‐distilled water and dried by ironing for analysis. Intact dried barley leaf sample irradiation was accomplished with X‐rays obtained from an X‐ray tube focused on an area <100 μm of the respective sample specimen surface. The EDXRF provided sufficient sensitivity for relative concentrations of K, Ca, and Cl. Element content data of all the elements investigated, specifically K, resulted in adequate plant nutrient element values to diagnose K insufficiency in barley leaves taken from plants in the sewage sludge receiving plots. Potassium was more densely accumulated in the new leaf than in mature and old leaves in case of plants from the S and H plots. In contrast, such K accumulation was more dense in old and mature leaves than young leaves in case of plants from the F plot. However, Cl and Ca coupling in barley leaves from all of the F, S, and H plots had shown the similar pattern of distribution and followed the order: old > mature > young. Therefore, EDXRF can be an easy, rapid, and practical method for diagnosing the elemental content of plant tissues and thereby help to aid plant growth and development through timely supplements of the required element(s).     

喷施硅铈溶胶缓解镉铅对小白菜毒害的研究

通过大田试验,在轻度镉-铅复合污染菜地向小白菜叶面喷施不同浓度的硅溶胶、铈溶胶及硅铈复合溶胶,研究其对产量、品质、抗氧化酶活性及Cd、Pb吸收的影响。结果表明,喷施硅铈溶胶均能促进小白菜生长,增加小白菜生物量和提高维生素C、可溶性糖的含量,降低亚硝酸盐的含量;显著增强抗氧化系统保护酶(SOD、POD)活性和降低小白菜地下部、地上部中镉、铅的含量及累积量。在不同浓度的施硅和施铈处理中,喷施0.50 g kg-1SiO2处理和0.20 g kg-1CeO2处理在增产、提升品质和缓解重金属对小白菜毒害上效果最佳,喷施硅铈复合溶胶虽效果显著,但与单独施硅、施铈相比无明显提高。     

UV-B增强下施硅对大麦抽穗期光合和蒸腾生理日变化的影响

通过大田模拟试验,研究UV-B增强下施硅对大麦抽穗期叶片净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）和水分利用效率（WUE）日变化的影响。UV-B辐射设2个水平即自然光（对照,A,1.5kJ·m-2）和UV-B增强（E,增强20%,1.8kJ·m-2）,施硅量设2个水平即Si0（不施硅）和Si1（150kg·hm-2SiO2）。结果表明,不施硅情况下（Si0）,UV-B增强处理的Pn、Tr、Gs和WUE的日平均值比自然光（A）处理分别下降23.13%、7.66%、1.07%和16.38%,而施硅情况下（Si1）则分别下降10.52%、5.71%、3.77%和12.15%,说明UV-B增强可降低大麦叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率,而施硅可缓解UV-B增强对大麦净光合速率的抑制作用,但并不能缓解UV-B增强对大麦蒸腾作用以及气孔导度的抑制。研究结果对进一步研究UV-B增强下施硅对大麦产量和品质的影响具有积极意义。     

硅对马铃薯试管苗生长及其细胞壁形成的影响

以马铃薯大西洋品种为材料，MS为基本培养基，研究硅对马铃薯组培苗生长及其细胞壁组成的影响。结果表明，植株株高、干、鲜重、生根数和根长随着硅浓度的提高而显著增加，以添加5 mmol/L硅酸效果较好；束缚水与自由水之比上升；叶绿素增多，呼吸作用减慢；细胞壁提取率显著增高，细胞壁中纤维素含量显著上升，螯合剂提取果胶含量显著下降。     

硅肥提高草地早熟禾抗旱性的效应及机制

在不同水分处理和不同硅肥浓度处理下研究外源硅对草地早熟禾巴润Poa pratensis cv.Baron 抗旱性的影响,结果表明:硅参与植物的许多生理活动,增施硅肥能够提高草地早熟禾的发芽率,增加植株的高度、叶片数和分蘖数,对草地早熟禾植株的叶片相对含水量、质膜透性和脯氨酸含量均有重要的影响,可增强草地早熟禾的抗旱性.     

Regulatory effects of spirolactone on SiO2-induced lung macrophage subtype switching

AIM: To investigate the influence of spirolactone (SPI) on mouse pulmonary macrophage subtype switching induced by silicon dioxide (SiO₂). METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal saline (NS) group, SiO₂ group, SiO₂+SPI group and SiO₂+NS group. A mouse model of silicosis was developed with crystalline SiO₂ particles (40 mg/kg, via oropharyngeal instillation). SPI (20 mg/kg) or (NS) was delivered daily by oral gavage after SiO₂ administration. The mice were sacrificed on days 3, 14 and 28. Alveolar washing, total cell counting, differential cell counting and flow cytometry analysis were performed. The right lower lobe of lavaged lungs was collected to prepare single-cell suspension for flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: Compared with SiO₂ group, SPI treatment significantly alleviated SiO₂-induced inflammatory cell accumulation in brochoalveolar lavage fluid on day 3 and 14. Compared with NS group, the M1 alveolar macrophages and M1 pulmonary interstitial macrophages in SiO₂ group switched to M2 subtype dramatically, while SPI treatment reversed the switching effectively.CONCLUSION: SPI treatment alleviates SiO₂-induced inflammatory cell accumulation, which may be related to reversing macrophage subtype switching.     

硅对紫花苜蓿品质元素的影响

通过田间试验及实验室分析，结果表明，硅对紫花苜蓿分枝期和成熟期根瘤数的影响作用显著，但对粗蛋白含量影响不显著。施硅对紫花苜蓿在分枝期的钾含量影响不显著，对紫花苜蓿在现蕾期叶和茎的钾含量有影响，而硅对紫花苜蓿现蕾期根的钾含量没有影响。不同施硅量对紫花苜蓿分枝期地上和地下部分的钙含量有影响。随着施硅量的增加钙含量要高于对照。但其地下部分的钙含量随着施硅量的增加反而减少，而对紫花苜蓿在现蕾期叶、茎和根的钙含量影响不大。在紫花苜蓿叶片背面气孔部进行面扫描显示，随着硅量的增加，叶片背面气孔部位的硅、钙、铝、镁元素的相对含量也在增加，铁的含量在减少，钾的相对含量在低硅处理时增加，在中高硅量的处理时，变化不是很大，而磷的相对含量与施硅量的关系不明显。     

硅对黄瓜幼苗生长及活性氧清除系统的影响

在水培条件下,研究了营养液中硅对黄瓜幼苗生长和活性氧清除系统的影响。结果表明,施硅处理可以促进黄瓜植株的生长,叶片中叶绿素含量增加,内源抗氧化物质抗坏血酸(AsA)含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低。     

Silicon content in rice seedlings to protect rice blast fungus at the nursery stage

To control rice blast effectively at the nursery stage, the absolute SiO₂ content necessary for rice plants to resist blast disease was investigated using various rice cultivars and soils. Nine rice cultivars with different complete resistance genes and different degrees of partial resistance were grown on nursery soils amended with silica gel at different rates to change the SiO₂ content of rice plant. The rice seedlings were then inoculated 28 days after sowing with Pyricularia grisea to estimate their blast resistance. In all rice cultivars, the number of lesions was significantly reduced when SiO₂ content increased in the rice seedling; lesions were reduced to 5%–20% of the number on the seedlings grown in soil without silica gel when the seedling SiO₂ content reached 5%. Additionally, the susceptibility to blast disease of rice seedlings grown on eight soils collected from different districts, with varying amounts of silica gel, was compared. The number of lesions decreased significantly when the SiO₂ content in the seedlings reached 5%. These results suggest that SiO₂ content of at least 5% in the rice plant can control this disease at the nursery stage under any conditions.