The effects of dietary fibre addition on the quality of common cereal products

Cereal products are consumed daily by the majority of the population. Popular belief is that these cereal products, rich in carbohydrates, produce a high glycaemic response and may not be a contributing factor to the obesity epidemic throughout the world. Recently the food industry has investigated ways of improving the overall nutritional balance of carbohydrate rich foods and focused on increasing their dietary fibre (DF) contents at the expense of readily digestible carbohydrates. It is well documented that dietary fibre is involved in disease prevention and enhanced health of consumers. Moreover, the food industry can take advantage of the physicochemical properties of fibre to improve the viscosity, texture, sensory characteristics and shelf-life of their products. The focus of this review paper is on the influence of DFs (inulin, fructo-oligofructose, β-glucans, arabinoxylans and resistant starch) supplementation on the quality and nutritional aspects of common foods containing cereals- pasta, bread, muffins/cakes and extruded snacks. This review reports on the evidence regarding fibre enrichment of cereal foods and looks at the advances and future trends in enriched dietary fibre cereal products.     

菊糖对馒头品质的影响

[目的]研究添加不同比例的菊糖对馒头品质的影响,确定菊糖在馒头中的最佳添加量,为菊糖在馒头中的应用提供依据。[方法]将菊糖按质量比0、3%、6%、9%、12%、15%添加到馒头粉中制作馒头,采用质地测试仪对不同的菊糖添加量馒头的各项指标的变化趋势进行分析,通过综合质地特征测试与感官评定结果,最终确定出菊糖在馒头中的最佳添加量。[结果]感官评价结果表明,当菊糖添加量为6%时,馒头的评分最高,其次分别是9%、3%、12%、15%、0的添加量;根据对馒头硬度、粘聚性、弹性、粘着性、回复性和咀嚼度的质地特征测定结果,确定菊糖的最适添加量不高于9%。[结论]综合馒头评分和质地特征测试结果,确定菊糖在馒头中的最适添加量为6%。     

菊芋资源开发及利用研究进展

本文在阐述菊芋价值、菊糖特性的基础上,对菊糖提取方法、菊芋制品研究现状进行了综述,同时就菊芋资源开发和利用中存在问题和发展方向提出了几点看法。     

Black currant polyphenols: Their storage stability and microencapsulation

Interest in the consumption of fresh fruits is, to a large extent, due to its content of bioactive nutrients and their importance as dietary antioxidants. There is a growing demand for delivery of antioxidants through functional foods with the related challenge of protecting their bioactivity during food processing and subsequent passage through the gastrointestinal tract. This study focuses on the evaluation of concentration of bioactive compounds in black currant berries (Ribes nigrum L.) and retention of black currant polyphenol compounds and their antioxidant activity after microencapsulation by spray-drying. The polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities were assessed for 5 black currant cultivars grown in Canada in fresh and stored fruits at −20 °C for 9 months. The Ben Alder cultivar was the richest in anthocyanins and flavonols content with high antioxidant potential measured with ABTS and DPPH radicals (4.5 and 2.4 mM/100 g). Black currant polyphenols were stable during 9 month of storage at −20 °C. The results of this study indicated that in black currants storage did not affect negatively the antioxidant capacity. The good stability of bioactive compounds of black currants during freezer storage allows prolonging the storage time of these berries. Maltodextrins with different DE (dextrose equivalent): DE11, DE18, DE21 and inulin were selected as wall material. The stability of encapsulated polyphenols during 12 months storage at 8 °C and 25 °C was evaluated. Compared to maltodextrins DE18 and DE21, maltodextrin DE11 had not only higher drying yield but also offered better protection for phenolics during storage. Radical scavenging activity studies demonstrated significant antioxidant activity of microencapsulated powders before and after storage. The black currant polyphenol microcapsules described in this study represent a promising food additive for incorporation into functional foods due to antioxidant content.     

Effect of soluble dietary fibre addition on rheological and breadmaking properties of wheat doughs

The aim of this experimental work was to evaluate the effect of inulin addition on the rheological properties of common wheat doughs and bread quality. Three commercial fructan products of different number average degree of polymerisation (DPn) were used (DPn = 10 for inulin ST; DPn = 23 for inulin HP and HP-gel). Inulin contents from 2.5 to 7.5% on dry matter (wheat flour plus inulin) were used. Dough rheological properties were investigated using farinograph and dynamic rheological measurements. Upon addition of dietary fibre (DF), significant increase in mixing time and stability, and decrease in water absorption were recorded. Inulin ST exerted greater effect on water absorption than HP products.     

GUM法评定菊粉菌落总数的测量不确定度

[目的]采用JJF1059.1—2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》规定的GUM法对实验室菊粉菌落总数的测量进行不确定度评定。[方法]依据GB4789.2—2010《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验菌落总数测定》来进行测定和结果判定,结合对测定过程中引入的不确定度分量进行评定,最后采用合成的方法来计算和评定菌落总数的不确定度。[结果]菊粉菌落总数为1.5×104CFU/g,扩展不确定度为0.4×104。[结论]此方法可用于对菊粉样品的菌落总数进行不确定度评定,适用于复现检测条件下菊粉及其他粉状食品菌落总数不确定度的评定。     

菊芋中菊糖的提取分离研究

[目的]研究菊芋中菊糖的提取分离方法。[方法]菊芋经预处理后粉碎,得到粗菊粉,粗菊粉浸提后,经石灰乳除杂、Sevag法脱蛋白、活性炭脱色、乙醇沉淀等过程进行纯化得到菊糖,测定了总糖、还原糖的含量。[结果]TS4厂家生产的粉末状活性炭对粗菊粉浸提液的脱色效果最好。经纯化处理后,利用热水浸提法得到的菊芋菊糖粗提取液,清澈透明。纯化液经浓缩、乙醇沉淀后,得到黄色的精制菊糖,菊糖的含量为20.23%,纯度为92.60%。[结论]菊芋中菊糖的最佳提取方法为采用热水浸提法,即以固液比1∶15,80℃,浸提90min;再通过石灰乳除杂、Sevag法脱蛋白、活性炭脱色、乙醇沉淀等过程对粗提取液进行纯化。     

菊芋综合利用的研究进展

通过介绍菊糖、菊芋及其秸杆的利用,以及盐碱混合胁迫对它的影响,阐述了菊芋总生物量的综合利用。     

Simplified methods for estimation of 99mTc-pentetate and 131I-orthoiodohippurate plasma clearance in dogs and cats

The purpose of this study was to evaluate simplified methods for estimation of Technetium Tc 99m (99mTc)-pentetate and orthoiodohippurate I 131 (131I-OIH) plasma clearance in dogs and cats with 1 and 2 blood samples. Plasma clearances were calculated after a bolus injection of 1.85-11.1 MBq of 99mTc-pentetate and 131I-OIH with a 2-compartment model based on a 12-point curve as a reference method in 21 dogs and 18 cats. Three 2-sample and 3 single-sample methods were investigated. The method yielding the smallest standard deviation of the difference between the reference method and the simplified method was selected as the optimal one. Linear regression analysis was performed between the reference method and the simplified method and coefficient of determination (R2) was calculated. For 99mTc-pentetate plasma clearance, the optimal 2-sample method was the one with a mono-compartment model with samples taken at specific times. For 131I-OIH plasma clearance, the estimation was improved slightly by raising the clearance calculated with a mono-compartment model to the power of an empirically determined parameter. The optimal single-sample method was the one with a linear quadratic regression between the volume of distribution of the tracer at a specific time and the clearance calculated with 12 samples. Two-sample methods performed significantly better than did single-sample methods. The conclusion is made that 99mTc-pentetate and 131I-OIH plasma clearances can be estimated in dogs and cats with 1 or 2 blood samples with a reasonable margin of error compared to plasma clearances calculated with a 2-compartment model and 12 blood samples.     

高压CO2—水混合体系水解菊粉制备果糖工艺

为了解决利用传统酸水解菊粉制备果糖工艺的缺点,采用高压CO2-水混合体系代替普通酸性水溶液,研究了菊粉在该体系中的水解情况,考察了CO2压力、反应温度和反应时间对菊粉水解制备果糖的影响.结果表明,菊粉的水解度随CO2压力的增大、反应时间的延长而增大,随反应温度的升高先增大而后下降.在反应压力为20 MPa、反应温度为70℃、反应时间为3 h的条件下,菊粉的水解度达94.9%,说明菊粉在高压C2-水溶液混合体系中水解可实现高效率生产果糖,避免了传统酸水解工艺复杂和污染的问题.