小麦GDH1基因克隆及其功能标记开发

谷氨酸脱氢酶(glutamate dehydrogenase,GDH)在植物体内催化合成谷氨酸的可逆反应,通过GDH固氮比谷氨酸合成酶途径更节省能量。在植物大多数组织中,GDH1是该基因家族中表达最高的基因,比其他GDH成员具有更为重要的作用。本研究从普通小麦基因组中分离了TaGDH1基因在A、B、D染色体组的序列。针对TaGDH1a基因在基因组DNA序列1 900~1 983 bp位置存在的核苷酸差异设计了一个插入/缺失标记,同时将该标记定位在5A染色体上。     

小麦3个NAC转录因子基因克隆与功能分析

NAC类转录因子参与植物基因在不同条件、不同发育期的表达调控,在植物的发育、生长及对外界的各种生物和非生物因子的胁迫应答中起关键的调控作用。本研究对非亲和条锈菌小种CYR32侵染诱导的抗条锈病基因Yr5近等基因系Taichung29＊6/Yr5的cDNA文库进行筛选及同源克隆,获得了小麦3个NAC类转录因子的cDNA序列。序列分析结果表明,这3个转录因子都具有DNA结合结构域,即NAC结构域,且氨基酸序列在该结构域的A、B、C、D和E5个亚区高度保守;同时发现这3个NAC类转录因子都有核定位信号及相关的转录调控功能区域。通过系统进化树分析,发现其中之一的TaNAC1属于NAC转录因子家族第Ⅰ组的NAP亚组,TaNAC3属于ATAF1亚组,TaNAC5属于NAM亚组;根据系统进化树和相关基因的功能分析,我们推测小麦转录因子TaNAC1、TaNAC3和TaNAC5可能参与植物生长发育调控或对生物、非生物胁迫作出的应答反应。     

雄蕊雌化的研究现状

花发育是植物从营养生长转变为生殖生长的一个重要转折点。雄蕊雌化或称雄蕊心皮化是花器官发育过程中的一种同源异型突变体。本文简述了雄蕊心皮化突变体形成的机理,有关花器官发育模型、雄蕊心皮化的发现和特征及研究现状,并对雄蕊心皮化的原因做了初步探讨,指出了这种突变体在农业生产上的应用前景。     

家蚕CIb1基因启动子活性分析

用PCR方法从家蚕基因组DNA扩增了家蚕胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂b1基因(CIb1)4个不同长度的启动子片段,构建由其驱动的萤火虫荧光素酶基因报告质粒,在脂质体介导下转染家蚕BmN细胞,体外分析了该基因启动子的活性。结果表明,家蚕CIb1基因启动子在BmN细胞中有微弱的转录活性;野生型BmNPV感染能增强启动子活性;hr3增强的不同长度CIb1基因启动子片段的活性有显著差异,提示转录起始位点上游-74～-1nt包含了启动子的基本元件,而在-687～-465nt、-465～-317nt和-317～-74nt存在着主要的顺式元件。试验结果有助于阐明CIb1的表达调控机理和对家蚕天然性免疫的理解。     

Standardization of large scale production of homologous live attenuated PPR vaccine in India

Live attenuated homologous vaccine against peste des petits ruminants of sheep and goats was produced on a large scale basis in roller culture bottles using seed virus developed at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Muktheswar, India. Vero cells between 130–150 passages with six percent foetal calf serum were used for the production of vaccine. The cells were infected with 0.01 multiplicity of infection and harvested when the cytopathic effect was 80%. The vaccine was freezedried in order to maintain the stability of the vaccine. Identity test and titration was performed and the vaccine titre was monitored to be minimum of 10⁵/100 doses. In-house sterility tests and quality control tests using experimental animals and small ruminants were performed. The vacuum and moisture content of the vaccine were also regulated to be within the normal limits.     

番木瓜四倍体与二倍体的核型分析及45S r DNA-FISH研究

 以番木瓜四倍体与二倍体植株为材料, 利用45S rDNA为探针, 结合核型分析与荧光原位杂交( fluorescence in situ hybridization, 简称FISH) 技术, 分析比较了二者之间的核型特征。结果表明: 二倍体与四倍体番木瓜在核型特征上没有明显差异, 染色体绝对长度在2.35～4.76μm之间, 属于中小染色体,均由中部着丝粒染色体(m) 和近中部着丝粒染色体( sm) 组成, 属“2A”类型, 二倍体核型公式为2n=2x=18=16m (2SAT) +2 sm, 四倍体为2n=4x =36=32m (4SAT) + 4 sm; 在二倍体体细胞中期染色体及间期核中, 均发现两个杂交信号位点, 在四倍体中则发现4个杂交信号位点。二者的杂交信号均位于第6对带有随体的同源染色体的次缢痕区域。由此认为该四倍体是由二倍体直接加倍形成的同源四倍体。     

Anaplasma marginale inactivated vaccine: dose titration against a homologous challenge

The present study was performed to dose-titrate an Anaplasma marginale experimental immunogen derived from partially purified initial bodies from three geographically different Mexican strains. Three five-bovine groups were inoculated twice on days zero and 21 with A. marginale initial bodies equivalent to 1.5×10¹⁰ (group I), 3×10¹⁰ (group II) or 6×10¹⁰ (group III) infected erythrocytes mixed with STDCM® adjuvant. A similar group served as non-vaccinated controls. All four groups were challenged with 1×10⁸ infected erythrocytes from a donor cow with an increasing rickettsemia of strain MEX-15 on day 87 post-vaccination. The prepatent period was very similar for all four groups. All five non-vaccinated controls presented typical acute anaplasmosis syndrome reaching a mean of 30.9% rickettsemia and a loss of 73.4% in the packed cell volume (PCV). Two of five controls died of acute anaplasmosis. Within the vaccinated groups only one animal (group II) suffered acute disease and died. Although all the other vaccinated animals were free of clinical signs, they developed very low rickettsemias (3.2, 3.8 and 4.3%) and PCV losses of 49.9, 47.8, and 49.3% for groups I, II and III. The starting mean weight was very similar for all four groups. All animals lost weight following challenge but losses for groups I and II were lower and significantly different from group IV losses (P0.1). Although there were no significant differences among vaccinated groups, group III was more severely affected. Taken altogether, these results show a 93.3% protection against both illness and death for all groups; and 100% protection for groups I and III, and 80% for group II.     

猪Ⅱ型圆环病毒Cap基因重组腺病毒表达载体的构建

通过细菌内同源重组的方法成功构建了含有猪Ⅱ型圆环病毒(PCV2)衣壳蛋白Cap基因的重组腺病毒表达载体。首先将Cap基因亚克隆连接到腺病毒穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV上,再将重组质粒pAdTrack-CMV／Cap用Pme Ⅰ线性化后电转化携带有腺病毒骨架载体pAdeasy-1的大肠杆菌BJ5183感受态细胞,经细菌内同源重组产生重组腺病毒质粒pAdEasy-Cap。为进一步研究PCV2腺病毒活载体疫苗奠定了基础。