结合查新工作谈中医科研选题

结合2008-2009年河北省医学情报研究所查新咨询室所完成的河北省中医科研课题查新工作,分析中医科研选题中存在的问题,阐明中医科研选题原则,揭示中医科研的选题方法和发展方向,为中医科研人员选题提供参考。     

冀中南地区马铃薯种薯大小对商品薯产量的影响

试验以5～35 g大小的费乌瑞它脱毒马铃薯种薯为材料,研究了冀中南地区不同种薯大小对商品薯产量的影响。结果表明:不同重量的种薯播种产量之间存在显著差异,以种薯重量为20~25 g的小型种薯株高平均值最大,产量最高;整薯播种比切块播种产量增加,增产幅度为1.2%~26.7%。冀中南地区生产商品马铃薯,应采用重量为20~25 g左右的小整薯作为种薯,可以获得较高的产量。     

河北二季作区春马铃薯—夏秋大葱高产高效栽培技术

在河北二季作区早春种植马铃薯,同时进行大葱育苗,马铃薯收获后定植一茬大葱,每667 m2纯效益可达5 500～8 600元。其中6月中旬马铃薯产量2 500～4 000 kg,纯效益2 500～4 600元,大葱每667 m2一般产5 000 kg左右,每667 m2纯收入3 000～4 000元,获得了较高的经济效益。马铃薯可以在淡季供应上市,大葱可以补充秋冬季蔬菜淡季供应,取得了较好的社会效益。     

混合工艺处理猪场养殖废水研究

针对规模化的猪场养殖废水具有有机物浓度高、悬浮物高、氨氮高的特点,目前控制猪场养殖废水污染的方法主要以厌氧+好氧生物处理为主,辅助物化法、自然处理法。本研究借助实际工程,采用ABR+SBR+生态氧化塘混合处理工艺,探索其处理规模化猪场养殖废水的可行性和运行效果研究。     

水资源胁迫下的区域产业结构优化路径与策略研究——以榆林市为例

鉴于山区在我国有着重要的生态、经济和社会地位,对山区的可持续发展评价也变得特别重要。可持续发展的评价研究既需要大量而全面的资料,又需要合适的方法。本文以河北太行山区域为例,以由信息系统和决策支持系统组合构建的信息平台为支撑,对河北太行山区域可持续发展能力、协调度和水平进行评价和分析研究。结果表明:河北太行山区域各县(市)可持续发展能力、协调度和水平有所不同,并且可持续发展水平在各县(市)间的差距较大;各县(市)的年际可持续发展状况变化趋势也有所不同,但总体来看,河北太行山区域可持续发展总体趋势良好,其中尤以2004-2007年可持续发展状况最好;可持续发展能力、协调度和水平在空间分布上也有一定的规律性。     

地学信息图谱研究进展

地学信息图谱是孕育时代气息,将图谱简单化、3S技术快速精确化与计算机智能化相结合产生的一种全新数字化可视方法。概述了地学信息图谱的产生背景,剖析了地学信息图谱的概念和内涵,对其研究进展、研究内容和技术路线进行了总结,预测了地学信息图谱的发展动向。并对图谱与区域可持续发展的关系进行了深入探讨。     

高山杜鹃花芽分化临界期生理生化研究

以不同花期高山杜鹃(Rhododendron hybrides)为试材,研究花芽分化临界期叶片内部分生理生化指标的变化。结果表明:花芽分化临界期叶片内可溶性糖、淀粉和叶绿素含量总体呈上升趋势,说明这些指标有利于花芽始创;整个营养生长期蛋白质含量变化不明显。其中早花品种可溶性糖、淀粉和叶绿素含量明显高于其他2个品种(P<0.05)。初步判断早花品种6月中旬以后进入花芽分化期。     

Land-use and land-base patterns in non-industrial private forests: Factors affecting forest management in Northern Spain

There is increasing worldwide interest in land-use allocation and management within the sphere of rural planning and development. The study of land-use patterns mainly focuses on understanding the practices and values of individuals involved, and no debate of this issue would be complete without taking into account non-industrial private forest (NIPF) ownership as a key component in most rural areas worldwide. This paper empirically explores and assesses NIPF owners' management in terms of analysing dynamics in farming and forestry practices (past conversions from forestland to meadow and from marginal meadow to woodland, and intentions to change the current productive forest species and to extend the area of woodland) and landholding attributes (size and degree of parcellation in productive forestland). Logistic regression models were also used to investigate the probabilities and influencing factors involved in transforming marginal meadows to woodland, and attempts on the part of NIPF owners to change the current productive forest species and increase productive forestland. For this, a total of 103 NIPF owners in Northern Spain were interviewed in person, in March 2004, about their commitment to and involvement in land management during 1999–2003. The models correctly explained 73.3%, 83.7% and 73.3% of the variability in having converted marginal meadow in woodland and of future intentions to change the productive forest species and increase the area of productive forestland, respectively. The results of the study indicate that forest management mainly responds to investment and increasing the productivity of the land as a capital asset, which is directly influenced by the size and degree of parcellation of the holding, and directly or indirectly related to the owner's interest in timber production. The results may be used by forest professionals, researchers and policymakers in order to design and execute successful forest policies related to land management and planning.     

Root size,distribution and soil water depletion as affected by cultivars and environmental factors

Field experiments were carried out in two parts at the Luancheng Experimental Station in the North China Plain. Part I, which was a continuous experiment that ran from 1990 to 2008, investigated the change of grain yield, evapotranspiration (ET), root size and soil water utilization of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under three water regimes (rain-fed, two and four irrigation applications). Part II used 10 cultivars released from 1970 to 2000 that were grown under the same condition for two seasons (2005/2006 and 2006/2007) to compare root size, root:shoot ratio and soil water depletion (SWD). The results of testing in Part I showed that the yield and ET of winter wheat gradually increased from 1990 to the present. There was no consistent change in total root length (TRL) over time. The difference in root size among seasons and irrigation treatments mainly occurred in the upper soil profile, where the root length density (RLD) was greater. No direct relationship was found between root size and soil water use. Thus, TRL was not a factor that indicated the water extracting capacity of crops. The results from Part II revealed that the seasonal ET of earlier released cultivars (ERC) was similar to that of recently released cultivars (RRC) under well-watered conditions. However, ET was slightly increased from ERC to RRC under water deficit conditions, indicating high soil water depletion by RRC. TRL decreased from ERC to RRC and was significantly correlated with plant height. The breeding of winter wheat that reduced plant height not only increased harvest index, but also reduced root size, resulting in a smaller root:shoot ratio. The reduction in TRL from ERC to RRC mainly occurred in the top soil profile. The results from both tests indicate that TRL is not a factor that determines soil water use; rather, the distribution of RLD along the soil profile plays more important role in soil water utilization. Smaller root size in the upper soil layer did not affect soil water uptake, and might be more economical in terms of production efficiency.     

河北省棉花气候适宜度及其时空变化趋势分析

棉花为河北省重要的经济作物,与其它作物相比对气候比较敏感.选取河北省25个棉花县,对棉花各个发育期气候适宜度及其时空分布进行分析计算.结果表明:棉花从播种到吐絮降水适宜度比温度、日照适宜度明显偏小,尤以播种期和吐絮期最小,且变异系数最大.日照适宜度从播种到吐絮变化不大,较温度和降水适宜度高.多年适宜度的变化趋势为:温度适宜度缓慢上升,降水适宜度缓慢下降,日照适宜度在明显下降,气候综合适宜度同降水一致,在缓慢下降.降水适宜度高值区分布在北部棉区,低值区分布在黑龙港流域的部分地区;温度适宜度低值区在唐山大部,高值区在黑龙港流域;日照适宜度低值区在西部太行山丘陵棉区,高值区在东部棉区.